Author of the material:
Igor Lyadsky
Geneticist, writer, business coach, Doctor of Philosophy (PhD).
Don’t feed scientists bread, let them delve into human nature. Psychotypes based on visual, tactile or auditory perception are not enough for them. But no, they came up with another one, and they called it intricately - discrete (aka digital). Psychologists don’t care, they just want to make a new discovery. But few people care how other people deal with all this. How to understand who a discrete person is? How is he different from other people? Is it even from this planet? How to be friends with him, communicate, educate, build relationships? The task is not easy, but doable.
Who is discreet?
A discrete person is a person who understands the world through logical analysis. Of course, he also sees, hears and feels like other people, but he does not attach importance to the information until he comprehends it and compares it with his experience. Discrete people are born philosophers, although a small remark needs to be made here.
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It is believed that children do not have this type of perception of the world. Babies mainly experience the surrounding reality by touch and taste. Then there is a specialization in visual (visual), auditory (auditory) or tactile perception (kinesthetic). A person becomes discrete as he grows older. The debate is still ongoing and no one has won a final victory. On the one hand, a person’s inclinations are formed even before birth, and on the other hand, digital skills do not appear immediately, which proves the enormous role of upbringing.
Historically, people prone to philosophizing also did not appear immediately. Primitive society was not very different from wild animals, relying on smell and touch. Also, people of that time had well-developed hearing and vision in order to notice danger or potential prey in time. They did not have time to use their imagination, since they had to live here and now. But then something happened and humanity made a huge leap in its evolution. It began to think, analyze, compare facts, and derive patterns. That is, do everything that discretes differ in. This does not mean that other psychotypes are stupider. It’s just that digital analysis works best.
"Cogito, ergo sum"
The phrase “I think, therefore I am” is a real slogan of discretes. Its author, the French philosopher Rene Descartes, built an entire harmonious system of knowledge based on rationalism and logical thinking. Subsequently, many outstanding philosophers returned to his thoughts, including Emmanuel Kant.
Digital is also a thinker, but not always of an academic orientation. He may turn out to be a neighbor on the landing, a salesperson in a store, or a guy who came on a date. Moreover, discreteness is also found among women. So, “he” can easily turn out to be “she”, and the digital girl, not the guy, will come on a date.
The type of worldview does not depend on gender and skin color. A different opinion simply symbolizes stereotyped thinking and a narrow view of the world. Although traditionally, men are credited with a logical mindset, and women are credited with a penchant for sensory perception.
Considering the tendency of digital to analyze, it is enough for this type of personality to simply learn to manipulate others. He can observe a person and understand what type of perception dominates in him, so that he can then mirror his behavior. He will present information to the visual with the help of vivid images, to the auditory he will “hang noodles on the ears,” and he will captivate the kinesthete with his sensuality and physicality.
Depending on the goals pursued by the discrete, such behavior can be both negative and positive. For example, if a good manager tries to improve the work of the company by finding an approach to each employee, he is certainly doing a good deed. If a swindler adapts to a person in order to fool him, the dark side of digital is evident. But this is more likely the moral side of the phenomenon than the influence of a specific psychotype.
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Perceptual discrepancy disorders
Change in intensity of perception
To perceive something, you need to perceive a delta, i.e. changes
Three simple/elementary disorders:
· Hypoesthesia: increased thresholds for stimuli (lights are less bright, sounds are less loud). The condition occurs when there is a neurophysiological basis. But they can also arise as a psychological problem (it concerns only one subject - schizophrenic disorder, a violation of object influences) (the case of Judge Schreber, the beginning of the twentieth century: delusional disorder, he could look at the sun, his delirium was associated with the sun, while physiologically the retina felt the impact, but it was not perceived psychologically). If selective in relation to modalities - neurology
· Hyperesthesia: decreased perception thresholds (the clock is ticking too loudly). Possible in case of infections, intoxications (then it affects everything, because it is selective in modality). May be of a psychological nature (schizophrenia and other psychological lesions) (as an expression of attitude towards the subject)
· Paresthesia: a feeling of goosebumps crawling over the body (when something is numb, with disorders of the blood supply, nerve conduction; with neuroses. In a sense, this is hypoesthesia + hyperesthesia in relation to a separate part of the body. Goosebumps are paresthesia, but flies in the body - this is dermatozoal delirium
· All these are disorders of the pre-subject level: everything remains the same, objects do not change, only the perception of the properties of these objects changes
Discreteness of perception is the ability to extract a unit of information from the world in a unit of time. This is a temporary characteristic of perception
“The hair of the sensorium moves along the cap of objective meaning”
No eye movement - no perception of an object
Disorders:
· Derealization (object hunger): a person begins to feel that objects are becoming less real (the objects are the same, but their life is not felt, everything has become dim, the world is like a drawing, inanimate). + disturbances in fixation of attention, the inner meaning of things is lost, against this dim background objects suddenly burst into consciousness. + phenomena such as deja vu (Leontiev’s disease of miners: they formed a stump, and without visual control they could not return to the objective world)
LECTURE No. 4 (09.26.12)
· Derealization. Continuation. (An example with miners: the surrounding world moves away, “you greet a person, but it’s as if the person is not there,” only a shell is perceived, everything is empty, involvement in the world, in the patient himself is lost. Leontyev himself gave this example, speaking about the structure of consciousness, and specifically about the sensory tissue, which provides a sense of reality. Leontiev’s contrast between image and process to solve a psychophysical problem: some activity occurs, a process of perception, and the process lives in the image. For example, in order to see a teacher, you need to interact with him, otherwise the reality of the teacher will decrease for us. The process inside the objective image. A. A. Leontiev: objective meanings are not attached from the outside to sensuality, but the sensory tissue lives in them, is a condition for the existence of the objective image. Thus, derealization is a mismatch between the image and the process). An object or the entire objective world becomes less real. The objects are the same, but they are not perceived as internally filled. Some objects burst into consciousness, while others, on the contrary, are not perceived. All this happens involuntarily. Here phenomena such as film effects arise (people move like puppets, they move somehow strangely, all this is due to the “frame rate”; patients resort to excessive verbalization: they try to describe their sensations using comparative speech (I see as if through water , I hear as if through cotton wool (a person compensates for subject hunger with excessive verbalization). Some researchers believe that derealization and depersonalization are disorders of self-awareness (problems with a sense of self in time: the characteristics of interaction with the world change, the ability to pull out a unit of information for information of time decreases, decrease discreteness of perception). Derealization is part of the syndrome depersonalization-derealization syndrome
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Using this example, one can describe consciousness, the relationship between sensory tissue and meaning.
Sensory tissue is the process of sensing the world in relation to some form. Another example: the hair of facts moves under the cap of theory · Increasing the discreteness of perception:
o “Subject richness.” For manic personality disorder, drug and alcohol intoxication, falling in love. “The hairs of the sensorimotor system have moved too much under the cap of perception.” This also occurs when anxiety is objectified (intensified probing of the world, like a mad amoeba with constantly protruding pseudopodia), translation of anxiety into fear (increased probing of a specific object image; the object that we are afraid of becomes more real, the discreteness of its perception increases, the acceleration of interaction with the object) . This is an indiscriminate state, or selective situations, positive or negative coloring of objects. May be caused by some special situation
· Senesthopathy. Extremely painful, unpleasant, persistent, recurring sensations, for the occurrence of which there are no anatomical and physiological reasons (pressure in the bridge of the nose, a hot knife between the shoulder blades, “something inside is rolling,” “something inside is being squeezed,” “the brain is twisting”; these states are difficult to describe from the patient’s point of view, since normally our body has little objectivity, only secondary (verbal) objectivity is created). The person resorts to comparative speech. This is a pre-subject level disorder. If a person says that he really has a knife between his shoulder blades, these are already visceral hallucinations. And when he speaks. That he feels as if there is a knife between his shoulder blades - this is synesthopathy. Some individual objects begin to ask for consciousness
How to recognize discrete?
To make sure that there is a discrete (digital) in front of you, you need to listen to what it says and how it does it. Such a person will speak the language of logic, analyze facts, and rely on statistics. His speech, as a rule, is devoid of intonation and emotional coloring. The words “correctly”, “logically”, “therefore”, “firstly”, “one can conclude”, “thus”, “as is known” are often heard.
If you fantasize a little and mentally transport yourself to the future, then your discrete interlocutor can be compared to a smart robot who speaks correct, but unemotional words. Such a person prefers to talk about the functionality and benefits of an object, but not about its appearance.
During a conversation, he is discreet and closes his eyes, avoiding eye contact. Thus, he penetrates deeper into the essence of the dialogue, without being distracted by external factors, including the interlocutor’s facial expressions. His emotional intelligence is not so developed, so the digital pays more attention to the meaning of what is said, rather than the accompanying clues coming from “body language.”
People with this type of perception tend to prefer a strict style that is practical. His love for pragmatism extends to everything in his environment, including his apartment, office, and car. Discrete people are not characterized by strong self-expression and unnecessary attention.
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How to define digital?
If there is digital in your environment, most likely it will not be difficult to recognize it:
- Discrete figures speak a “logical” language. In their speech, words such as “logical”, “correct”, “firstly”, “therefore”, “thus”, etc. are constantly used.
- Digital speech is devoid of intonation and resembles automatic speech.
- They often talk not about the beauty or external characteristics of things, but about their functionality and benefits.
- Discrete people love to work with documents, find the logic of things, build cause-and-effect relationships, and formulate phrases briefly and correctly. They can explain complex material simply.
- Digital people, like everyone else, strive for comfort, but for them comfort means not having stupid people around. Naturally, they divide people into smart and stupid on their own according to criteria known to them. Comfort in the general sense of the word is desirable to organize for others: a discrete person can easily forget to eat, clean up on time, iron, wash, etc.
- Discrete people try not to look their interlocutor in the eyes. This characteristic is quite controversial. But in general, of course, visual contact distracts discrete people. They already have so much under their control that information from someone else’s view seems superfluous.
How to communicate with a discrete person?
When the psychotype is identified, the moment of further communication comes. If you can’t escape, you will have to enter into a dialogue in which the main emphasis will be on logic and evidence. It’s not enough for digital to hear that some fruit is healthy. He needs to explain why, thanks to which vitamins and microelements. It’s even better if it’s written by American scientists.
If we are talking about some everyday issue, then the discrete person makes the most practical and rational decision. Even ordinary shopping takes the form of Socratic conversations, named after the famous ancient Greek philosopher who brilliantly led any discussions. Why this particular suit? How practical will it be? Will it go out of fashion soon? In general, the option “I take it because it’s beautiful” will not work in the case of a discrete device.
How to understand that you are talking to a discrete person
What distinguishes a discrete from other psychotypes is that he perceives the world not with the help of his senses, but with the help of logical thinking.
Such a person can safely be called a walking computer, since he tries to rely on facts, speaks dryly and thinks about cause-and-effect relationships, and not about feelings.
The main thing for discreteness is not feelings, but thinking
You can recognize a digital person by the following distinctive features:
- his speech is unemotional, dry and logical. Constantly uses words such as “logical”, “therefore”, “correct” and the like. During a conversation, the discrete does not describe events, but analyzes them without unnecessary emotions and intonations, and is always based on facts;
- When purchasing any product, digital will primarily rely on its functionality and usefulness, and not on its beautiful outer shell. Before purchasing anything, digital will think ten times about spending money on an unnecessary and useless product;
- working with digital documents is as easy as shelling pears. He can easily explain complex material in simple words, clearly and competently formulate his thoughts, build logical chains, and also form cause-and-effect relationships;
- discrete may seem tactless to the interlocutor due to his inability to show insight and interest. This is actually a false statement. Due to the fact that the discrete itself is unemotional, it is difficult for his interlocutor to understand the level of his interest. And guided by logic alone, it is difficult to understand another person, sympathize with him, and support him;
- you will never see a digital person in the role of a sociable person and the life of the party, because people with this psychotype are in most cases very reserved; Digital people avoid eye contact, this distracts them and prevents them from concentrating.
How to raise discrete children?
A separate option for communication is education. In childhood, digitals are rare, especially pronounced ones. This psychotype manifests itself during adolescence. Basically, logical thinking is formed under the influence of the environment, although the influence of heredity cannot be denied. The tendency to intellectual activity is inherited, but manifests itself in the process of upbringing and training.
From these positions, it is difficult to judge the reasons causing the appearance of discreteness; either it is the implementation of internal programs, or a consequence of artificially created conditions. In general, there is an opinion in the literature that this type of perception is formed as a result of mental trauma, when a person suppresses his feelings and emotions, escaping into the world of logic.
As a rule, children from disadvantaged families who grew up in emotionally difficult conditions become digitals. It is difficult to judge how true this is, just as it is difficult to think about the “defectiveness” of the named psychotype. Rather, we are talking about an independent phenomenon that objectively arises in the world, in response to new challenges and tasks of reality.
So, digital people need to be educated, and not re-educated, as at one time it was recommended to do with left-handers, and hundreds of thousands of Soviet children were forced to learn to write with their right hand. The world is diverse and there is a place for everyone in it, including a left-handed person, a discrete person or someone else. It’s just that in the educational process, it is necessary to pay attention to the peculiarities of human perception. If he needs proof and logic, give it to him. Don’t force him to cram and take it on faith, but explain it using examples from life that will relate to his personal experience.
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What professions are suitable for discrete people?
Based on the characteristics of thinking and worldview, digitals find themselves in disciplines associated with an analytical mindset. Suitable professions include lawyer, attorney, detective, mathematician, physicist, programmer, psychologist, philosopher, analyst, statistics or standardization worker, analyst, mechanic, engineer, economist, sociologist, literary critic.
Considering that pronounced psychotypes are rare, as a rule, people combine several main channels for obtaining information. So, a discrete person can combine an auditory or visual type of perception, which will also be reflected in the choice of profession. But he is unlikely to be a “part-time” kinesthetic person, since he avoids sensuality and emotionality, so he is not often found among massage therapists or dancers.
How to build relationships with discrete people?
If someone manages to come into contact with digital not only in a professional or friendly way, let them prepare for a “flurry” of emotions and a “storm” of tenderness. This psychotype is very poor in sensory manifestations, but can be a faithful companion and reliable partner. Since opposites attract, they are able to converge with representatives of other psychotypes, balancing them.
In a discrete-visual couple, he will take on the role of a “sobering” factor, preventing the other from overspending on beautiful but useless things. He will always find something to “pour” into the ears of an auditory person. Well, a couple with a kinesthetic student generally repeats the eastern “Yin and Yang”, which can harmoniously complement each other. Considering that pure psychotypes are rare, there are even more points of contact between them.
