Social science. 9th grade. Social sphere of society. 2. The position of a person in society. Social status.

What is the social status of an individual and a group? What types of statuses are there and how do social roles differ from them? What affects the status? How to maintain and improve it?

Let's understand this concept...

Social status of a person - what it is and what it means

• 1. The concept of social status 1.1. Types of statuses

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Concept

Social status is a position in the social structure. The term is used in 2 meanings:

1. The social status of an individual is a person’s position in society, in the system of social and interpersonal relations. It is reflected in the internal position (values ​​and orientations, motivations), in external appearance, speech culture, jargon.
2. The social status of a group is the place occupied by the group in the social hierarchy. Status groups are characterized by a specific system of values, norms of behavior, a certain lifestyle, type of education and occupation.

The concept includes:

• assessment by an individual or a group of their place in the social hierarchy;
• public assessment of the activities of an individual or group.

Social status is determined by socially significant characteristics :

• natural – ethnic, age, gender;
• economic – property and financial status, lifestyle;
• social settlement – ​​city dwellers, rural residents;
• set of rights, obligations, functions;
• place in the hierarchy of political relations - possession of power, activity in political groups, organizations, movements;
• place in the division of labor system - education, type of employment, profession, qualifications;
• prestige - the social significance of a position occupied in society.

The combination of all these characteristics determines social position . The system of social statuses forms the laws of interaction (rights and obligations, hierarchy of subordination) of individuals and groups.

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What's happened

The concept of social status determines the position occupied and also reflects the hierarchical structure of the entire group. Status characteristics do not entirely depend on the efforts made by the individual; they are determined by the surrounding society, endowing or depriving them of certain functions based on not always objective factors. It is worth noting that the social status occupied is not a static concept and changes in accordance with external circumstances or by a decision made by the person himself. Also, the status may cease to exist completely if a person leaves a given social group or ceases to build his activities on the basis of the rules that govern the behavioral manifestations of people.

Increasing social status is possible with a person’s independent efforts and aspirations (obtaining additional education, creating a social movement, increasing the number of orders carried out), as well as due to social processes (military conflicts, change and seizure of power, death of superiors).

The statuses of one person are divided into personal and social-public, which is determined by the person’s inclusion simultaneously in social groups of various sizes. Personal status includes the place a person occupies in a small group (family, immediate peer group, team, etc.). The position held here is regulated by personal qualities and the ability to build strong and productive interpersonal connections. The better a person is perceived by others, the more positive emotions they experience in his direction, the higher his status. It is quite simple to adjust your place in a small group; it is characterized by frequent changes in positions, which is largely determined by the emotionality of perception and reflects relationships and their processes.

The social status of a person refers to the place he occupies in a large group of people, distinguished on the basis of certain categories (gender, nation, religion, profession, place of residence, etc.). The perception of personality qualities and characteristics at this level is regulated not by the group of people themselves and their influence, but by the global position of this social category in society. It is the lack of flexibility in this matter and the scale of perception that explains the derogatory attitude based on their race, the oppression of rights and freedoms based on gender characteristics and religious preferences.

What is it for?

The socio-economic status of people matters everywhere. Wherever you turn, you will definitely be asked about your place in society. After all, the so-called social status plays a huge role both in the development of personality and in building a career and conducting activities.

Most often, these kinds of questions are learned when it comes to families with children. Often they need some kind of help or protection. And so that the state can come to the rescue in time, it is worth reporting on your own status in society. Wherever you turn, this data will be recognized everywhere. Except perhaps for the shops. But in various government services or government agencies you will have to report your position in society.

The most common cases are the social status of children. Both existing and future ones. During pregnancy, for example, antenatal clinics find out the social status of the expectant mother in labor, and also make appropriate entries in the exchange card to record the conditions in which the baby will develop. If it turns out that the status is dangerous, then appropriate measures will be taken. For example, providing assistance or even removing a child from the family after birth. The same goes for schools, kindergartens, hospitals and so on. During employment, the social status is also clarified. In general, this component is present everywhere. Who is at risk? And which families are recognized as being in a socially dangerous situation?

Kinds

Each person, as a rule, has not one, but several social statuses. Sociologists distinguish:

• natural status
  is the status received by a person at birth (gender, race, nationality). In some cases, birth status may change: the status of a member of the royal family is from birth until the monarchy lasts.
• acquired (achieved) status
  - a status that a person achieves through his own efforts (position, post).
• prescribed (attributed) status
  - a status that a person acquires regardless of his desire (age, status in the family); it can change over the course of life. The prescribed status is either innate or acquired.

Basic

Innate is a status assigned to a person from birth, determined by biological factors. It does not depend on a person’s personal qualities and desires. This is gender, nationality, race. For example, Mongoloid characterizes a race. Woman is a characterizing gender. Ukrainians are the defining nationality.

The abdication of the royal family from the throne will lead to the loss of the royal title. In this situation, the inherent status may change.

Prescribed - acquired by an individual, regardless of his desire, but due to a combination of certain circumstances. This could be age, family wealth, blood ties between father and mother, brother and sister. Over time, the prescribed status changes, for example, when a schoolchild reaches the age of majority or the age of retirement.

Achieved - this status is associated with the efforts and zeal of a person, which he made during his life to obtain education, material and non-material benefits. For example, it can be defined:

• title (Miss Russia, labor veteran);
• scientific degree (Doctor of Science, Candidate of Science);
• position (president, leading specialist);
• qualifications (people's teacher, honored master of sports).

Thanks to the achieved status, a lot can be said about a person, about his personal qualities, about the desire to achieve high results and be realized as an individual.

Conditions

Living conditions also influence the social situation in families. And everything connected with them. For example, unemployment or wage levels. The general condition of your home, the availability of everything necessary for comfortable living and development, the health of family members living with you - all this is extremely important.

A citizen is recognized as being in a dangerous social situation when he is not able to live and provide suitable living in the minimum “greenhouse” conditions for human development. That is, if there is an apartment, but it is in a precarious condition, the refrigerator is empty, children do not have the opportunity to develop and study normally - all this indicates danger.

Most often, such conditions are encountered by families that are already recognized as disadvantaged. Children are usually taken away. But without deprivation of parental rights (if living conditions are the only negative moment in life). And they give some period of time to correct the situation.

What are there

Any person has several social statuses. All characteristics form a single image of an individual. The main thing remains the position that gives a person power and depends on his wealth and financial well-being.

The social status that a person is born with is called innate, and determined by family ties is called ascribed. They do not depend on a person’s actions and will appear to him in any case.

Due to differences in birth status, people have different rights, which determines inequality in society, dividing it into classes. Often this affects a person’s adaptability to the surrounding reality, his skills and desire to achieve his goals. People with higher inherent and ascribed status tend to be better off in life. But this does not negate perseverance, hard work and talent, which can change one’s position in the social hierarchy. Skills and abilities acquired through one's own labor are valued more than wealth or manners attributed to family ties.

Innate, assigned and achieved are the main types into which social statuses are usually divided.

The main indicators that determine the place and role in society are:

• Position held: director or leading specialist, head of department, chief accountant;
• Received rank. In the creative profession, this is an Honored or People's Artist. In the service, achievements are determined by military rank: lieutenant or lieutenant colonel. Public sector workers are also noted, for example, an honored teacher;
• Academic degree, for example, bachelor, master, candidate or doctor of science.

master

Note! Status obtained as a result of an individual's merit is considered acquired or achieved. It was created through our own efforts and is a reward for work. The main thing is to set a goal and go towards it, then the acquired status will make you forget about the position assigned to a person from birth.

A person always has unstable statuses, depending on his role in life and circumstances:

• he can be a husband and father of children;
• act as a witness or spectator;
• be a patient or a doctor.

These are all temporary social statuses that are not related to the main thing. Small social groups and an individual’s close circle endow him with certain qualities, creating personal status. It reflects an opinion formed about a person, depending on behavior. There is a concept of group social status, which presupposes belonging to a profession or a nation.

Elderly people are also considered a separate social group. Meanwhile, the status of pensioners varies. It depends on the benefit received, and it, in turn, is determined by the level of income and length of service. High social status is required to ensure a decent income in old age.

Breach of obligations

Among other things, failure to fulfill parental obligations is also a factor that can affect social status. The legislation clearly states all the rights, duties and responsibilities of citizens in relation to their children and parents. As soon as they are not fulfilled (in a malicious manner), one can complain about the socially dangerous situation of the family.

How do actions and events develop? It all depends on the specific situation. The exact reason that led to the dangerous situation is determined, after which, based on various laws of the Russian Federation, a decision is made to correct the situation. Most often, failure to fulfill obligations is expressed in evasion of raising and providing for minors and needy children, evasion of paying alimony, refusal to support elderly parents.

Practice suggests that in these situations there is primary responsibility. Or the court deprives negligent parents of the right to custody and upbringing of the child. Failure to pay alimony is corrected by forcing payments, arrest, imprisonment, as well as confiscation of a driver's license and a ban on crossing country borders.

Social roles

While in one status or another, a person performs actions, communicates with other people, that is, plays a role. Social status and social role are closely interrelated, but differ from each other. Status is a position, and a role is socially expected behavior determined by status. If a doctor is rude and swears, and a teacher abuses alcohol, then this does not correspond to the status he holds.

The term “role” was borrowed from theater to emphasize the stereotypical behavior of people of similar social groups. A person cannot do as he wants. The behavior of an individual is determined by the rules and norms characteristic of a particular social group and society as a whole.

Unlike status, a role is dynamic and closely related to a person’s character traits and moral attitudes. Sometimes role behavior is adhered to only in public, as if putting on a mask. But it also happens that the mask fuses with its wearer, and the person ceases to distinguish between himself and his role. Depending on the situation, this state of affairs has both positive and negative consequences.

Social status and social role are two sides of the same coin.

Types of social role

generally accepted system of social roles was developed by the American sociologist Talcott Parsons.
He divided types of roles according to four main characteristics:

Social status what is it in the questionnaire

Important

USZN of the Krasnoarmeysky municipal district, 2011-2018 Family category in the questionnaire, what to write in the Other household affairs section, they answered the question They gave the questionnaire, and there is a column “Social status of the family.” How is that in general? asked by the author Vanyok Golovanov the best answer is Full, part-time, large. Social status is a complex concept. This includes: composition, income, living conditions, educational status of family members (which itself consists of...

), belonging to a certain social group (it can also be determined by the above. Social status of a family - what is it? Social status of a family: examples These criteria can be used to assess the social status of each individual or all together. Depends on the purpose of the analysis. How is status determined In general, social status is quite difficult to clearly define.You need to use a number of methods that can only be used by an experienced worker.

Financial situation of young people

Noting positive changes in the self-identification of young people according to the level of their financial situation, one should take into account the peculiarities of the formation of social strata in modern Russian society. The concepts of average and above average wealth, as well as the concept of the middle class, have their own specifics and are practically not comparable with similar strata and the structure of opportunities for similar strata in economically developed societies. This conclusion is confirmed by a comparison of self-identification by standard of living with self-assessment of the frequency of material difficulties experienced, as discussed above. The unsatisfactory financial situation of young people, the gap between rising prices and incomes, which gives rise to contradictions in social status, is evidenced by the following fact: in 2021, young people rated their financial status higher, but at the same time the share of those in need among them also increased. These contradictions are of an institutional nature and are associated with the consequences of the deep economic crisis that have not yet been overcome.

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The level of financial situation of young people is reflected in their subjective feelings of self. Subjective assessments of financial situation are manifested in the correlation of oneself with various income groups. This indicator is one of the most unstable. It depends both on real changes in the income of young people and on individual perceptions of well-being. For example, in the 1990s. A wide layer of poor and low-income youth was formed, to whom only essential products and some durable household items were available. At the same time, a small middle layer of young people gradually emerged, which by the end of the 1990s. accounted for approximately 15% of all youth and about 3% of rich youth. The August 1998 default significantly undermined the position of the emerging middle class, reducing its youth component by half. Further policies of socio-economic stabilization had a positive impact on this indicator. As a result, the proportion of young people who feel destitute, poor and low-income has decreased. At the same time, the number of young people with average and above average income has increased. The share of wealthy young people remained at the same low level.

Results

As you can see, in case of a dangerous situation in society, appropriate measures will be taken. By the way, you can find out about them through denunciation, from the media or any other sources of information. If you have suspicions that someone is in a dangerous social situation in the family, you should obtain evidence and contact social support authorities. They will investigate and clarify the situation.

Social position in itself is important. It is an integral part of society and the citizen. It appears at birth. No one can take away social status, but in some cases they can change it. The dangerous situation will be investigated and corrected by all legal means.

Financial assistance to a social worker

Also exempt from contributions is financial assistance for the birth of a child, paid in the first year after his birth and not exceeding fifty thousand rubles, while the father and mother of the child (if they are both employees of the enterprise) are counted separately.

Some accountants, especially inexperienced ones, find it difficult to understand the “Material assistance for the birth of a child” payment. Accounting entries in the 1C: Accounting program are compiled automatically: DT 92.2 - CT 70. But that’s not the point, or rather, not only that. It turns out that there are many nuances to this issue. Taxation, in accordance with the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, is not carried out in cases with the following payments:

Financial assistance and social payments to students in 2021-2021

The amount of the scholarship for graduate students cannot be lower than 2921 rubles, for graduate students in programs for training scientific and pedagogical personnel in areas determined by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation - 7012 rubles, for residents - 7441 rubles, for assistant trainees - 2921 rubles.

State scholarships for graduate students, residents, and assistant trainees are assigned depending on the successful completion of training programs for scientific and pedagogical personnel in graduate school (postgraduate studies), residency programs, and assistantship-internship programs based on the results of interim certification.

Social assistance and its types

State social assistance can be considered in a broad and narrow sense. In broad terms, it means all cash payments to various categories of citizens who need it most at the present time. This includes all social benefits and payments enshrined in the legislation of the Russian Federation. Social assistance in a narrow sense is defined in the federal law called “On State Social Assistance.” It refers to various payments (compensations, subsidies, benefits), as well as the provision of vital goods.

The current economic situation suggests the need to implement a more effective social policy, solve the most pressing social problems, and develop new mechanisms aimed at implementing social policy that would ensure a more rational use of material and financial resources.