Headache

Why does my head hurt?

According to WHO estimates, every year from 50 to 75% of the world's adult population aged 18 to 65 years experience headaches, of which 30% or more complain of migraine.
Headache is a worldwide problem, affecting people of all ages, races, income levels and regions of residence. Patients can describe many different sensations and conditions as a headache: heaviness in the back of the head, pain in the forehead or closer to the neck, in the temples, in the eye area, a feeling of pressure, sharp, throbbing, pulling or aching pain. The variety of headache manifestations is due to the presence of a large number of causes for its occurrence.

In clinical practice, there are more than 150 types of headaches. The most general classification divides the causes of pain into primary and secondary. Primary causes are not associated with any pathology of the central nervous system and internal organs, while secondary causes are a symptom of various diseases or injuries.

Headaches are caused by external and internal factors. Primary pain occurs under the influence of:

• severe stress and nervous tension;
• excessive physical activity;
• lack of sleep or excess sleep;
• long stay in a stuffy room or transport;
• weather conditions: sudden changes in temperature, air humidity and atmospheric pressure;
• strong odors, such as excessive perfume aroma;
• strict diets, fasting;
• sedentary lifestyle;
• sudden climate change, air travel;
• oxygen starvation;
• bright lights, blinking Christmas tree lights or festive illumination;
• hypothermia;
• uncontrolled use of certain medications.

For more than 45 diseases of various nature, headache can be the main complaint, especially at the initial stage of development of the pathology. Often this is the only pronounced symptom of vascular disorders, traumatic brain injuries, inflammatory processes in the body, and hormonal imbalance.

The main causes of secondary headaches:

• traumatic brain injuries;
• atherosclerosis and other vascular pathologies;
• inflammatory diseases of internal organs, for example, gastritis, pyelonephritis;
• hypertension and hypotension: increases and decreases in blood pressure are often accompanied by headaches;
• problems with the spine;
• infectious lesions of the nasopharynx, ears;
• poisoning with toxic substances;
• caries, periodontitis and other diseases of teeth and gums;
• malignant and benign brain tumors;
• depression;
• glaucoma - increased intraocular pressure and many others.

Based on other classifications, headaches vary in nature, sensation, strength, and location.

Headaches can have different mechanisms of occurrence. Pain is divided into:

• vascular - arising due to vascular spasm, loss of elasticity of the walls, narrowing of the lumen of blood vessels;
• muscle tension - when the cause of pain is muscle overstrain due to stress, neurosis and other factors;
• liquorodynamic - when there is a disturbance in the distribution of cerebrospinal fluid in the cranial cavity;
• neuralgic - as a result of irritation of nerve receptors;
• infectious-toxic - occur during poisoning and infectious diseases.

Sometimes headache syndrome is a consequence of the influence of several mechanisms at once, which significantly worsens the general condition.

Causes of mild headaches

A moderate headache usually occurs due to overwork, changes in weather, or lack of sleep. Such pain can accompany premenstrual syndrome in women. It usually goes away on its own after some time and does not require medical intervention.

Causes of severe headaches

A very severe headache is difficult to endure and almost impossible to relieve with medications. Excruciating pain occurs in the presence of tumors in the brain, fractures, infectious diseases, and sinusitis. Severe pain is one of the main symptoms of influenza, ARVI and other viral infections. The increasing intensity of pain indicates the development of a pathological process.

Causes of paroxysmal pain

Attacks of severe headaches are the main symptom of migraine. Also, this type of pain may indicate a hematoma in the brain.

Periodic attacks are well known to people with high blood pressure, vascular disorders, and problems with cerebral circulation. A sudden attack of pain can occur with spasm of cerebral vessels during a vascular crisis or exacerbation of cervical osteochondrosis. The condition is also characteristic of prolonged nervous overstrain.

Why does my head hurt every day?

Daily headaches are a serious reason to see a doctor and have a full examination. Daily pain can be a sign of a chronic inflammatory process in the body, the development of cervical osteochondrosis, hormonal imbalance, problems with blood pressure and many other dangerous conditions. An accurate diagnosis and adequate therapy will help cope with the causes of pain and normalize the condition.

Types of headaches

Features of the types of headaches, their severity, localization, nature of the course and other signs make it possible to determine the cause of the pathology and carry out successful treatment. Our test will help you understand the cause of pain based on your sensations.

Migraine

Migraine is included by WHO in the TOP 20 diseases that have the most negative impact on people’s social adaptation. Among the population of Europe and the United States, 14% of the population suffers from migraine, and the pathology occurs twice as often in women as in men.

After tension-type headache (TTH), it is the most common cause of primary headache. Migraine is hereditary, with the first attack usually occurring between the ages of 10 and 20, reaching a maximum by age 40. With the onset of menopause, most women experience migraine relief.

The main symptom of migraine is periodic attacks of severe pain on one side of the head. Attacks can occur at a frequency ranging from once a week to once a month.

Distinctive signs of migraine pain syndrome:

• pulsating and pressing character,
• significant intensity,
• covering half the head,
• localization around the eyes, in the forehead and temple.

In some cases, the attack begins with severe pain in the back of the head, which later spreads to the frontal part.

There are two clinical types of migraine: with aura and without aura.

A migraine aura is the appearance about an hour before the onset of an attack of its precursors: visual disturbances, auditory hallucinations, changes in taste and smell, nausea and vomiting. The aura disappears with the onset of an attack of pain (Fig. 1).

Figure 1. Signs of migraine. Source: MedPortal

Ideas about the causes of migraine have changed over the past decades. If earlier it was considered as a vascular pathology, today it is believed that severe headache (during a migraine attack) is caused by increased excitability of cerebral pain receptors.

Migraine is typical for people with increased emotional excitability. Most often it occurs against the background of severe stress. The attack can be triggered by physical overexertion, premenstrual syndrome, or malnutrition.

Frequent attacks may be associated with taking certain hormonal medications, such as oral contraceptives or medications to relieve menopausal symptoms. A migraine trigger is also tyramine, a derivative of tyrosine, one of the basic amino acids that makes up protein. This substance can be found in cheese, red wine, chocolate, bananas, citrus fruits and many other foods.

Tension headache

This type of pain is familiar to almost every person, regardless of gender and age. Tension headache is the most common form of illness, the occurrence of which is associated with neurobiological factors. Scientists explain the pain syndrome by the increased sensitivity of pain structures of the brain to negative factors of the internal and external environment. The main causes of tension headaches:

• emotional overload;
• muscle tension associated with the need to stay in one position for a long time, for example, when working at a computer or driving a car;
• fatigue;
• lack of sleep and many others.

Typically, a tension headache affects both sides of the head, is often mild and does not greatly affect the usual way of life (Fig. 2).

Figure 2. Tension headache. Source: MedPortal

Pain is divided into episodic and chronic. Chronic pain lasting several weeks can lead to neurosis and depression.

Headache in the eyes and forehead

Headache in the frontal region and in the eye area can be caused by numerous factors and be of a different nature. An accurate description of the characteristics of pain is important in determining its causes:

• sudden acute and very severe pain of varying duration occurs with migraine, purulent inflammation of the maxillary sinuses, meningitis;
• throbbing pain is associated with inflammatory processes in the body, autonomic disorders, food or drug poisoning, hangover syndrome;
• stabbing pain often accompanies inflammation of the optic nerves, neuralgia, neuritis;
• pressing pain occurs in the presence of tumors of various types, infectious diseases, severe stress and sudden changes in weather.
• Problems with the blood vessels in the brain can also cause pain in the forehead and eyes, usually accompanied by nausea, weakness and dizziness.

Important! Pain in the eyes can be a consequence of childhood scoliosis, therefore, from a very early age, increased attention should be paid to the child’s posture.

In the occipital region of the head

This form of headache is the most difficult to diagnose, since it can be triggered by both diseases of the nervous system and problems with the spine.

The main causes of pain in the occipital region:

• osteochondrosis, cervical spondylosis and other pathologies of the cervical spine,
• myogelosis - tightening of the muscles of the cervical spine due to hypothermia, injury or diabetes,
• mental, emotional and physical stress,
• occipital neuralgia,
• arterial hypertension.

With neuralgia, the pain is sharp and spontaneous, spreading to the neck and back, as well as to the ear and lower jaw. Complaints of pressing sensations in the back of the head, which intensify with a sharp turn of the head and physical activity, are common.

With high blood pressure, pain in the back of the head occurs mainly in the morning; it is of moderate intensity and goes away after taking antihypertensive drugs.

Pain in the back of the head is often accompanied by other unpleasant symptoms:

• tinnitus,
• dizziness,
• darkening in the eyes,
• decreased concentration,
• numbness of the limbs.

A correct diagnosis for such pain can only be made after a thorough history and comprehensive examination.

Temporal headache

Doctors call pain in the temples “the cap of a neurotic”, as it causes a feeling of compression of the skull. This condition is characteristic of neuroses and cerebrovascular accidents.

Usually, pain in the temples appears in the evening, when fatigue is added to the symptoms of neurosis. In addition to diseases of the nervous system, pain in the temples can be caused by osteochondrosis, atherosclerosis, and infectious diseases.

The nature of temporal headache can be different:

1. one-sided and two-sided,
2. pulsating,
3. dull,
4. shooting,
5. pressing,
6. acute.

Pain in the temporal region negatively affects work ability and general condition, so in case of systematic attacks, you should consult a doctor as soon as possible.

Cluster headache

These are the most painful headaches, characteristic mainly of men of reproductive age. The pain is concentrated on one side of the head in the area of ​​the temple, eye and brow ridge. Cluster headaches are medically called “Horton’s migraines.”

The true causes of cluster pain have not yet been established, but most scientists associate it with the pathological activity of the hypothalamus and excessive filling of blood vessels under the influence of a number of factors:

• air travel and time zone changes,
• stress,
• some medications,
• alcoholic drinks.

The pain manifests itself in paroxysmal intervals from 1 week to two months. After a series of attacks, a period of remission begins, which can last up to several years.

Cluster headaches are so painful that there are cases of suicide during an attack. Even healthy, strong men are not always able to endure such severe pain. Anxious anticipation of an attack leads to the development of neuroses and severe depression.

The main features of cluster headaches are unpredictability and very high intensity (Fig. 3).

Figure 3. Signs of cluster headaches. Source: MedPortal

The attack may be accompanied by vomiting and increased salivation. During an attack, a person cannot lie or sit still.

Cluster pain is often accompanied by trigeminal neuralgia.

Headache and tinnitus

Tinnitus in combination with headache and dizziness may be a symptom of a concussion, vascular atherosclerosis, or pathology of the auditory nerve.

Severe pain and tinnitus often occur due to otitis media, inflammation of the auditory tube, a foreign object entering the ear canal, or a brain tumor. This condition can pose a serious danger and requires immediate medical attention.

Combined with nausea

Nausea and headache are typical signs of food or alcohol poisoning. Symptoms are also characteristic of a weak vestibular system and begin during a long trip by transport or during an air flight. Nausea often accompanies migraine attacks.

Pain with increased intracranial pressure

Increased intracranial pressure can be due to various reasons - cerebral edema, intracranial hemorrhage, brain tumor, hydrocephalus. “Stretching” of the dura mater causes headaches.

The pain usually appears in the morning after waking up completely. It is pressing or bursting in nature and is concentrated in the area of ​​the back of the head, temples and forehead.

Along with headache, intracranial pressure is characterized by:

• nausea, vomiting, dizziness,
• fatigue and drowsiness,
• changes in blood pressure,
• irritability.

In the chronic form of the disease, the pain is intense and constant. Without treatment, vision begins to deteriorate until it is completely lost.

Vascular headaches

Headache is one of the main symptoms of diseases of the cardiovascular system: atherosclerosis, thrombosis, hypertension, stroke.

The cause of pain is a disruption in the process of supplying the brain with oxygen when blood pressure rises. Vascular headaches are often accompanied by other symptoms:

• dizziness,
• nausea,
• tinnitus,
• vision problems.

Seeing a doctor at the first symptoms of vascular pathologies will help avoid serious complications.

Venous headaches

Pressing, bursting pain in the morning followed by dizziness and noise in the head is one of the possible symptoms of impaired outflow of venous blood from the cranial cavity.

Venous dysfunction is caused by:

• intracranial hematomas,
• tumors of some localizations,
• suffered a stroke.

Usually the pain intensifies after emotional turmoil, drinking alcohol, or changes in weather.

Headache with cervical osteochondrosis

Disruption of blood flow in the vertebral artery due to pressure on the vessels by exostoses (overgrowth of bone tissue) or a displaced disc causes oxygen deficiency in the brain and, as a result, headaches.

Pain due to osteochondrosis is accompanied by dizziness, fatigue, and possible loss of consciousness with sudden turns of the head.

Causes of headaches

People often attribute headaches to the weather. Weather sensitivity is not classified as a disease or pathology, but it does cause a lot of inconvenience. If there is a pattern between the occurrence of unpleasant sensations and changes in weather conditions, it is still worth visiting a doctor. Sometimes this disguises pressure differences, which may not be recorded due to the lack of a tonometer.

A headache may occur due to prolonged stress. This condition can hardly be called a disease, but it is not considered the norm either. As a rule, such pain occurs in the evenings.

Pathologies do not include the appearance of pain due to a lack of oxygen or air pollution from chemicals. In this case, the problem is considered a symptom of poisoning.

When to go to the doctor

If you know exactly the cause of the headache, for example, alcohol taken the day before, lack of sleep, fatigue, stress, there is no need to go to the doctor. After proper rest and normalization of the emotional state, the headache will go away on its own.

A visit to the doctor is necessary for symptoms of migraine, prolonged headaches accompanied by other alarming symptoms, deterioration in general health, decreased ability to work, or persistent increase in blood pressure.

If I have a headache, should I get tested for COVID-19?

The acute phase of COVID-19, like any other viral disease, may be accompanied by a headache. When infected with coronavirus, migraine-type pain may occur, which intensifies as toxins spread and enter the blood vessels of the brain. But headache is not the only and not the most common symptom of infection. If you don’t have a cough or fever, you don’t have to rush to take the test.

Headache due to vascular problems

Vegetative-vascular dystonia, low physical activity and osteochondrosis often cause headaches.

Symptoms caused by problems with blood vessels can be described as follows:

• pain all over the head
• knocking in temples
• general weakness
• swelling of the face is swollen

Unpleasant sensations become more noticeable during temperature changes and changes in weather conditions, as well as before menstruation. The headache usually stops hurting during pregnancy and breastfeeding, but then returns again. It will not be possible to do without drug treatment. It is necessary to stabilize the condition of the blood vessels with the help of antispasmodics.

Compresses bring relief. Swimming and massage are excellent prevention of this type of ailment. In addition, it is recommended to use herbal teas. Coffee and anything containing caffeine should be completely avoided.

If you have a headache, make an appointment with a therapist by calling your nearest Diamed clinic or using the online form. The specialist will examine you, prescribe the necessary additional tests, and after determining the cause of your illness, you will undergo an effective course of treatment. After a visit to the Diamed doctors, you will no longer ask the question “Why does my head hurt?”

Diagnostics

At the initial appointment, the neurologist collects an anamnesis, including questions about the nature of the pain, location, severity and presence of symptoms of serious pathologies.

Objective research includes:

• full neurological examination,
• blood pressure monitoring,
• electrocardiogram,
• duplex scanning of blood vessels,
• X-ray of the cervical spine and other diagnostic procedures.

Diagnosis is aimed at determining the causes of headaches and identifying the disease that caused the discomfort.

Treatment

There is no single recipe for treating headaches, since you first need to find out the cause.

Do I need treatment if my head hurts a little?

A mild headache does not require special treatment; it usually goes away after a short rest. If you notice that you periodically have a headache, pay attention to your diet, do not skip breakfast and eat little at regular intervals, monitor your blood sugar levels, drink more plain clean water, spend more time in the fresh air.

How to get rid of a headache attack at home?

The most obvious solution for headaches is to take a painkiller pill. But systematically taking medications without consulting a doctor can lead to the opposite result. For example, taking medications that contain caffeine with high blood pressure increases the risk of a hypertensive crisis.

Before taking the pill, you should try other methods of getting rid of headaches:

• lie down in a well-ventilated room, after turning off the TV and removing other sources of noise;
• drink strong sweet tea with lemon;
• go for a leisurely walk in the fresh air;
• give a light head massage.

If you experience repeated severe attacks of headache, you must consult a general practitioner and neurologist and undergo a full examination. Further treatment will be prescribed by your doctor based on the identified pathologies.

Tips for those who have headaches

If you have tried the methods described in the article and the headaches do not go away, go to the doctor immediately. In particular, a consultation with a therapist is needed if the headache is accompanied by vision problems (there is no clear picture, you see circles before your eyes) and dizziness.

It can be advised to normalize your daily routine, provide the body with proper nutrition and, if possible, limit factors that contribute to emotional stress. Adequate sleep and alternating intense work with periods of rest is the secret of health, and, therefore, the absence of headaches.

Unfortunately, sometimes even these measures do not help. In this case, you should not postpone your visit to the doctor. Only a doctor can make a diagnosis and prescribe effective treatment. Remember – early diagnosis is the key to successful treatment.

The Diamed clinics have created all the conditions for a complete examination and establishment of the correct diagnosis.
We employ experienced doctors with an impressive track record of positive results in relieving patients of headaches. #therapy headache

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