Clinical manifestations of deficiency of vitamins B1, B6, B12. Pyridoxine - dependent epilepsy.

The performance of the brain depends on its blood supply. The organ receives much-needed oxygen from the blood. If it is lacking, a person suffers from cognitive impairment. Under conditions of extreme stress that require increased mental activity, natural resources are not enough, and the brain requires replenishment. If there are problems with blood circulation, this need increases many times over.

In such a situation, drugs to increase brain activity help. We'll look at how they work, who should take them, and how to choose the right ones.

Nootropics: what are they?

Nootropics are a group of drugs for improving higher brain functions. It combines:

• medications to normalize cerebral blood supply;
• brain stimulants that enhance mental activity;
• means to compensate for neurological deficits;
• vitamins that increase the resistance of the central nervous system to adverse factors.

They are mistakenly credited with a non-existent effect - the development of intellectual abilities in children and adults. It's a delusion. Taking the pill doesn't make anyone smarter. But if higher mental functions begin to fade, they can be returned to their previous level. To do this, you need to eliminate the cause - overwork, hypoxia or other brain disorders. This is the purpose of nootropic drugs.

Multi B-complex for the nervous system/hair/nails tablet p/o N 30

Description

B vitamins are a whole group of water-soluble compounds that take part in all metabolic processes occurring in the body and contribute to the release of energy from various nutrients that contain calories.
All B vitamins have a common function - to improve metabolism in the body and normalize the functioning of the immune and nervous systems. Most of them have a beneficial effect on the condition of the skin, hair and nails. Moreover, the action of these vitamins in combination is much more effective than if you take any of the B vitamins separately. Excess water-soluble vitamins are quickly eliminated from the body without accumulating in it, so it is necessary to replenish their reserves by eating foods rich in these substances and taking supplements. Vitamin B1 (thiamine) can be synthesized in some quantities by normal intestinal microflora. Responsible for the transfer of information at the gene level, which occurs during cell division, strengthens the immune system, has anti-stress properties, takes part in almost all metabolic processes, and is necessary for the breakdown of simple carbohydrates. Takes part in the biosynthesis of acetylcholine, a mediator responsible for the transmission of impulses in the central nervous system, improves cognitive functions and memory ability, and ensures normal tone of the digestive tract and myocardium.

Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) is an antiseborrheic vitamin, enters the body with food and is produced by the microflora of the large intestine. The body needs it to create new nerve cells, form red blood cells, and absorb iron. Regulates the volume of hormone production by the adrenal glands. Riboflavin is essential for the health of the entire body, especially skin, hair and nails, protects cells from early aging and reduces the risk of heart disease.

Vitamin B3 (niacin) is the most stable compound of B vitamins. It ensures the activity of the central nervous system, stimulates the formation of red blood cells, increases the level of high-density lipoproteins in the blood, thereby reducing cholesterol levels and the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Helps lower blood pressure, treats some skin diseases (acne), participates in the biosynthesis of a number of enzymes, and is necessary for the production of hormones (including sex hormones and insulin).

Vitamin B4 (choline) is involved in fat and cholesterol metabolism. It is part of the myelin protective sheath of nerves and protects the human brain throughout life. Normalizes heart rhythm, restores liver tissue damaged by toxins and viruses, normalizes the functioning of the prostate gland, increases sperm activity, and prevents cholelithiasis.

Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid) is involved in the breakdown of fats and carbohydrates, participates in tissue regeneration, improves skin condition, and reduces signs of aging. Necessary for the breakdown of lipids and carbohydrate compounds, the biosynthesis of neurotransmitters and antibodies.

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) is involved in the production of red blood cells, the synthesis of hemoglobin and antibodies in the regulation of the activity of the nervous system. Helps the body synthesize “sleep and stress” hormones - serotonin, melatonin and norepinephrine. Regulates the activity of several dozen enzymes, allows the body to absorb proteins and unsaturated fatty acids, improves the condition of the skin and nails.

Vitamin B7 (biotin) is a beauty vitamin. Returns health and beauty to skin, hair, nails, is beneficial for bone and nervous tissue, regulates the activity of sweat glands. Its action is aimed at improving our appearance.

Vitamin B8 (inositol) is a slimming vitamin. Helps reduce weight, protects against atherosclerosis, is good for the brain, and is involved in the regulation of cholesterol levels.

Vitamin B9 (folic acid) is involved in protein metabolism, is important for cell growth and division, for the transmission of hereditary information, and is needed for the synthesis of mediators for the transmission of nerve impulses and blood cells.

Vitamin B10 (para-aminobenzoic acid) has an anti-allergic effect, is a powerful antioxidant that has a beneficial effect on the health of skin, nails and hair, prevents premature skin aging and the formation of wrinkles, and protects against ultraviolet radiation. Takes part in hematopoiesis and thyroid function.

Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) - helps other B vitamins perform their functions. Participates in the processes of growth and activity of the nervous system, in the formation of red blood cells and hemoglobin. The main source of B12 is animal products, and if you do not consume enough of them, you can supplement the deficiency by taking supplements.

Indications

as a biologically active food supplement - an additional source of B vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12), inositol, para-aminobenzoic acid containing choline. A dietary supplement is not a medicine.

The principle of action of drugs to improve memory

To increase the activity of the central nervous system, the following therapeutic effects of these drugs are also important:

• acceleration of glucose utilization;
• increased protein synthesis;
• improvement of nucleic acid metabolism;
• impact on the monoaminergic system (activation of the production of adrenaline, dopamine and serotonin);
• stimulating the cholinergic system to avoid cognitive impairment (in particular, decreased declarative memory).

The purpose of taking nootropics is to improve cerebral circulation and normalize metabolic processes in nerve cells. At the same time, the rate of formation of neural connections increases and their number increases. This leads to increased brain activity. That is, against the background of treating disorders, nootropics act as stimulants for the functioning of the organ itself.

What does increased brain activity give a person?

Nootropics are called cognitive enhancers. Taking such medications or vitamins enhances learning abilities due to the complex activation of the central nervous system:

• memory improvements;
• increasing concentration;
• enhancing perception;
• ensuring clarity of consciousness;
• preventing mental exhaustion;
• reducing excitability;
• overcoming asthenia (neuropsychic weakness).

Depending on the active substance, additional effects may be observed. Some have a sedative effect, others help get out of depression. There are medications that help regulate sleep and wakefulness.

Brain activity stimulants are often grouped together with neuroprotectors. They protect the organ from the severe consequences of circulatory disorders, prevent cell destruction, and help slow down dementia.

What vitamins and nutraceuticals are needed for blood vessels?

Along with minerals, vitamins play an important role in the implementation of chemical reactions, without which the body cannot exist. Each of the vitamins provides a number of functions, being responsible for several processes in the systems of the human body. Vitamins for blood vessels, oddly enough, are quite few in number, but very important. Even without one of them, the cardiovascular system can be irrevocably impaired.

1. Vitamin A

   (retinol) - prevents cell damage from free radicals, improves the structure of the venous wall, accelerates the natural renewal of the elastic layer of capillaries, and maintains the tone of the vascular bed. Vitamin A is found in carrots, parsley, pumpkin, sorrel, spinach, tomatoes, apricots, plums, and blackberries.

2. Vitamin E

   (tocopherol) - reduces the intensity of cholesterol accumulation on the vascular walls, accelerates the resorption of formed blood clots, increases the barrier functions of cell membranes, strengthens the heart muscle (myocardium), reduces blood viscosity, increases the strength and elasticity of capillaries. Plant sources - sprouted grains, nuts, green vegetables, vegetable oils, cereals, seafood.

3. Vitamin P

   (flavonoids, rutin) - increases the elasticity of blood vessels, reduces the permeability of the capillary network (for the penetration of pathogenic bacteria), enhances the antioxidant properties of vitamin C, strengthens the walls of arterioles and venules. The highest concentrations of flavonoids are present in chokeberries, currants, rose hips, cranberries, green tea, and citrus fruits.

4. Vitamin C

   — prevents the destruction of the inner wall of capillaries (due to neutralization of free radicals), eliminates oxygen starvation of cells, strengthens the connective tissue of large arteries, improves vascular tone, stimulates the synthesis of collagen and elastin, and prevents the accumulation of cholesterol. Ascorbic acid is found in cranberries, black currants, sauerkraut, parsley, and citrus fruits.

5. Vitamin B9

   (folic acid) - Improves the elasticity of arteries and veins, together with B6 and B12, normalizes the level of homocysteine, the increase of which damages the walls of blood vessels, enhances platelet aggregation, and prevents stenosis of coronary vessels. Folic acid is found in chicken liver, cereals, spinach, broccoli, and parsley.

6. Vitamin B5

   — Regulates hematopoietic processes, increases the tone of veins and arteries, improves the functioning of the heart muscle, and reduces the concentration of homocysteine ​​in the blood. Contained in legumes (lentils, peas, beans), nuts (hazelnuts, walnuts), leafy greens (spinach, lettuce, cilantro), rye bread.

7. Omega 3 fatty acids

   — Protects the inner surface of arteries from damage, thins the blood, reduces the synthesis of “bad” cholesterol, participates in the synthesis of cellular hormones, and restores tone to the heart muscle. Sources of fatty acids are vegetable oils (linseed, camelina, cedar, olive), fatty fish (mackerel, pink salmon, herring), nuts (walnuts, almonds), seeds (sesame, sunflower, flax).

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Separately, it is worth noting the Ginko biloba and Gotu kola complexes for improving the elasticity and strength of blood vessels and capillary walls.

Ginkgo biloba extract is obtained from the leaves of the ginkgo biloba plant, which is one of the most popular and well-studied medicinal plants that stimulate brain activity. This extract has an anti-inflammatory effect, prevents capillary fragility, and also improves blood circulation in the extremities. Ginkgo biloba improves the supply of blood and oxygen to the brain, preventing memory loss or restoring memory.

Gotu kola

is a medicinal plant that has long been used in folk medicine. Belongs to the parsley family. Gotu kola, like ginkgo biloba, has a beneficial effect on blood circulation, improves memory, strengthens blood vessels, many healers call it food for the brain. In addition, gotu kola contains components necessary for the formation of collagen. These unique substances at the cellular level support the body’s ability to quickly restore the skin and heal various injuries (small wounds, burns, cuts), leaving only small scars and promotes the healing of trophic ulcers.

Ginko biloba and gotu kola supplements

:

• have a beneficial effect on brain function, improve memory and reaction
• provide elasticity and strength of blood vessels and capillary walls
• Improves blood circulation in the body
• Strengthen regenerative processes, especially in case of skin damage
• Increases mental and physical performance of the body

There are many studies proving the positive effect of these plant substances on the treatment of venous insufficiency.

Indications for use

Nootropic drugs are prescribed when diagnosing disorders of brain activity. They may be associated with head injuries, circulatory problems, and intoxication. Most often, nootropics are prescribed for:

• oxygen starvation of brain tissue;
• cognitive disorders (memory deterioration, decreased ability to concentrate);
• vegetative-vascular dystonia;
• encephalopathy;
• central nervous system intoxication (including alcohol);
• neuroinfections;
• depression;
• asthenia;
• neuroses.

In these cases we are talking about medications. To increase mental performance, you can get by with a good vitamin complex.

For children and adolescents, nootropics help with attention deficit disorder and delayed intellectual development. For older people, they are a weapon against dementia (including Alzheimer's disease).

The best vitamin complexes

Next, we will briefly talk about three categories of vitamin complexes:

• Vitamins for adults
• Vitamins for students
• Vitamins for children

Take this information into account, but before taking this or that complex, be sure to consult with a specialist.

Vitamins for adults

These complexes, about which there are mostly positive reviews, will be useful for both adults and adolescents leading a normal lifestyle. They can be used as a supplement to the main diet.

Complexes:

• Fish fat. It has long been considered one of the simplest but most effective means of stimulating brain activity and mental development, preventing blockage of blood vessels, normalizing mental state and improving memory even in old age.
• Guarana. Dried mass obtained from the seeds of a vine of the genus Paullinia, growing in the regions of Paraguay and Brazil. Used as a vitamin complex that prevents the spread of free radicals that disrupt brain function. It also ensures the production of red blood cells and promotes their flow to brain cells, increases perseverance and relieves fatigue.
• Griffonia. Extract from a medicinal African bush. An excellent tool for improving the functioning of the central nervous system, normalizing the sleep cycle and mental state. Allows you to get rid of depression and fatigue.
• "Gerimaks Energy". Its peculiarity is that it contains ginseng extract - the “root of life”. It not only stimulates long-term memory, but also allows the body to effectively cope with heavy mental stress under conditions of stress and lack of sleep.
• "Encephabol." Helps restore metabolic processes and enhance glucose uptake for better brain nutrition. Can be used by people suffering from pathological and age-related changes, such as absent-mindedness and sclerosis.
• "Supradin." This multivitamin is universal. By consuming it, you can replenish the daily requirement of all components necessary for the functioning of the brain and its protection.
• “He will direct.” It is a useful herbal complex that accelerates the transmission of impulses in nerve cells.
• "Phenibut." A special remedy that reduces the likelihood of cognitive disorders. Prevents the occurrence of fear, nervousness and stress, has a calming effect on the nervous system, and promotes con. A drug to improve blood circulation and strengthen the walls of blood vessels in brain tissue. Thanks to it, the brain is saturated with oxygen, and thinking becomes fast and clear. Also used to prevent headaches.
• "Piracetam." A drug that increases the resistance of the nervous system to oxygen starvation and the effects of toxins. It has a complex effect on the brain and improves learning ability.

You can find and buy these brain vitamins at almost any pharmacy. Before purchasing, it is advisable to read the pharmacological properties and reviews and consult a doctor.

Vitamins for students

Vitamins in this category will be useful for schoolchildren and students. But they can also be taken by adults whose activities are related to learning. Considering that the diet of students (especially school and university students) cannot be called ideal, their body simply does not receive the vitamins it needs in the required proportions. That is why their deficiency must be compensated by balanced complexes that will activate memory, stimulate brain activity and strengthen nerve cells.

Complexes:

• "Phosphatide complex". Allows you to speed up metabolic processes, increases learning ability, improves concentration and memory.
• "Phenotropil". It is usually used by students when preparing to take exams and during exams. Initially, the drug was created to treat Alzheimer's disease, but later its properties to stimulate short-term memory and improve concentration made it a popular vitamin complex for schoolchildren and students. Available only by prescription.
• "Glycine". A completely safe and affordable tool that allows you to effectively cope with the tension and stress that accompany tests, exams, sessions and other important events.
• "Orthomol Mental". A product designed for people leading an active lifestyle, engaged in active mental activity, who do not have time for proper sleep, who travel and often go on business trips. The use of this complex allows you to increase your performance, relieve fatigue, increase stress resistance, and help you adapt to new activities. It is also important that it improves vision.
• "Brain Booster." This preparation contains extracts of various vitamins, minerals and medicinal herbs. They intensively nourish cells, normalize blood circulation in all - even the smallest vessels of the brain, help impulses be transmitted more quickly through nerve cells, help improve the assimilation of information and adaptation to increased loads during the learning process.

In the use of the above vitamins, despite the absence of special contraindications, there must be intervals so that the body does not get used to them, and the brain is able to work actively without outside help. Such intervals are best done during holidays, vacations and other periods when there is no increased load on the brain.

Vitamins for children

The child's body requires the closest attention, because... is in a state of constant development and growth. Vitamin complexes for children help form a healthy nervous system. They are also suitable for intense mental stress, because... activate memory, improve brain function and the ability to concentrate.

Complexes:

• "Jungle". This complex includes all the essential vitamins necessary for the development of the mind and active brain activity, as well as for the development of nerve cells.
• "Pikovit." It is considered a universal complex, because it includes all B vitamins, vitamins A, C and D, folic acid and calcium. You can find syrup for babies from 1 year old and for children from 4 and 7 years old.
• "Complivit." A remedy that strengthens memory and normalizes the mental and physical state during mental stress.
• "Multitabs". Another universal drug containing all the vitamins and microelements necessary for a child’s brain. There are seven varieties of the complex, designed for children from 0 to 17 years old.
• "Vitrum Junior". An excellent product for developing children's brains. Suitable for children from 7 to 14 years old (for teenagers from 14 to 17 years old there is Vitrum Teenager). Includes 13 vitamins and 10 microelements. Promotes mental development and adaptation to neuropsychic, emotional and physical stress.

To make sure that all the complexes that we mentioned contain the required amount of vitamins, minerals and microelements that are beneficial for brain development, you can read their composition and reviews on the Internet, and also consult with a specialist. Please note that this article is for advisory purposes only, so in any case, before purchasing the product you are interested in, you need to make sure that it is suitable for you or your child.

Finally, we offer you another video in which Natalya Taran, an employee of the Research Institute of Nutrition of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, talks about what vitamins are best to give to children and how to properly structure baby food in general.

Despite the fact that food is usually perceived as a building material and source of energy for the body, it has been confirmed more than once that it can prevent the development of neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive problems. With proper nutrition and taking vitamin complexes, the human brain receives everything it needs to function normally even in the most difficult conditions for it. So eat plenty of vitamins and be healthy!

We also recommend reading:

• Storytelling
• How to Keep Your Mind Clear: 15 Great Ways
• 7 effective “cures” for chronic fatigue
• Ways to Improve Cognitive Learning
• The main mistakes that beginners make in sports
• Brain Foods
• Vitamin D3: the role of cholecalciferol for the human body
• Poor memory: what to do?
• Food for the mind: foods that improve concentration and brain function
• Nootropics: Upgrading the Brain with Drugs
• 10 Unusual Ways to Boost Your Cognitive Abilities

Key words:1Healthy lifestyle

Contraindications for use

Nootropics are considered one of the safest medications. There are no absolute contraindications to their use. Although doctors do not recommend using them unless any disorder of brain activity is diagnosed. They are not prescribed to pregnant women and infants.

Some drugs have side effects. Their undesirable appearance may become a relative contraindication for use. These include:

• increased blood pressure;
• dizziness;
• sleep disorder (more often - insomnia, less often - drowsiness during the day);
• motor restlessness;
• nausea;
• skin itching;
• irritation of mucous membranes.

So, if a person has psychomotor agitation, medication for brain activity can only worsen the situation. Not everyone experiences drowsiness. Before you get behind the wheel, you should monitor your condition after taking medications.

Groups of tools to improve brain function

Piracetam was the world's first nootropic. It was developed back in 1963 as a replacement for psychostimulants, benefiting from the absence of side effects. This substance became the founder of the racetam group, which improves memory.

In the nootropics category you can also find:

• correctors of cerebral circulatory disorders;
• dimethylaminoethanol derivatives, which help absorb oxygen and improve thinking skills;
• derivatives of pyridoxine (vitamin B6), normalizing metabolism in neurons and stabilizing the functioning of the central nervous system;
• neuropeptides that promote the formation of long-term memory.

Neuroprotectors are sometimes identified with nootropics, but there is a difference between them. Neuroprotectors are drugs of mixed action. They have a wider range of effects.

Retinal angiopathy - treatment with drops

Angiopathy is a pathology of retinal vessels caused by various negative factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus). In order to eliminate its manifestations, an ophthalmologist in the early stages of the disease or as part of complex therapy prescribes certain eye drops to patients.

The goal of such therapy is to activate the metabolic processes of the organ of vision, stimulate the speed of local blood flow, and improve the process of tissue nutrition. Eye drops are becoming one of the components of therapy for symptomatic treatment. Eye drops are becoming one of the components of therapy for symptomatic treatment. Read below what medications are prescribed.

Eye drops are convenient, but not very effective.

Taufon

The main component of the solution is taurine. Apply the solution 1-2 drops in each eye three times a day for a long time. The drug is produced in bottles of 5 and 10 ml.

Indications for use of Taufon:

• Moderate retinal angiopathy.
• Corneal injuries.
• Early stage cataract.
• Dystrophic changes in the retina and cornea.
• Open angle glaucoma.

Expected effect:

• Stabilization of cell membranes.
• Acceleration of the regeneration process of traumatic corneal injuries.
• Activation of metabolic and energy processes.
• Normalization of IOP.

Emoxipin

This is a synthetically produced antioxidant, a solution of which is instilled daily, three times a day, 1-2 drops in each eye. Treatment lasts several days or for a long time - as prescribed by a doctor. The drug is not prescribed to pregnant women, as well as to persons with allergies to the components of the solution.

Indications for use:

• Diabetic retinal angiopathy.
• Cerebral circulation disorders.
• Various origins of hemorrhage in the eye.
• Corneal burns.
• Complicated myopathy and glaucoma.

Expected effect:

• Resorption of small hemorrhages on the retina.
• Protects the mesh shell from bright light.
• Strengthening the walls of blood vessels, reducing their permeability.
• Stimulation of local blood flow.

Emoxipine and Taufon (taurine) are the most popular eye drops for retinal diseases

Quinax*

Expected effect:

• Stimulation of metabolic processes in tissues.
• Activation of antioxidants.
• Increased lens transparency.

*At the moment, the drug is no longer available.

Aisotin

Able to increase and restore visual acuity in case of eye diseases. Available in 10 ml bottles. It is instilled three times a day, 1-2 drops, for 2-3 months.

Indications for use:

• Diabetic angiopathy.
• Restoring visual function after eye surgery.
• Conjunctivitis.
• Eye burns.
• Redness of the eyes.
• Glaucoma.

It is better to discuss the use of any medications with your attending ophthalmologist.

Emoxy optic

Substitute for Emoxipine at a lower cost.

• Indications for use:
• Eye burn.
• Bleeding in the eye.
• Progressive myopia.
• Inflammatory processes of the organ of vision.

Expected effect:

• Normalization of the permeability of vascular walls.
• Stimulation of local blood circulation.
• Resorption of hemorrhages in the eye.
• Elimination of the effects of oxidative stress.
• Increasing tissue resistance to hypoxia.

Rating of the best drugs to improve brain function

Despite the large selection of nootropic drugs in pharmacies, among them there are firmly established leaders. First of all, this is the mentioned Piracetam. It is produced in the form of tablets, capsules and injections.

But there are many more good remedies with a similar effect. They differ in active ingredients and dominant effects. The top five, along with Piracetam, includes:

Vitamins to improve brain function

If no serious disturbances in brain function have been identified, you should not abuse medications. You can solve the problem of increasing concentration or learning ability with the help of vitamins:

• beta-carotene, which protects neurons from premature aging;
• B1, a neuroprotector that supports good memory and clarity of consciousness;
• B6, which supports concentration and prevents depression;
• B9, which is taken to prevent stroke;
• B12, a deficiency of which increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease;
• C, slowing down degenerative processes;
• K, which speeds up the processing of signals entering the brain.

There is no miracle pill that will solve all cognitive problems at once. But correctly identifying the cause of the violations allows you to choose the appropriate remedy for their correction.