Vitamin D and brain health: the impact of hypovitaminosis on cognitive function in children and adults

With age or as a result of certain events in a person's life, a decline in mental abilities can be observed. People cannot concentrate on the task at hand, they forget basic things, they begin to “think slowly”, and get tired of the slightest intellectual activity. This happens for many reasons, but if we ignore mental disorders, we can identify several common reasons: age-related changes, overwork and stress, poor diet, lack of vitamins.

Like the entire body, the brain depends primarily on the functioning of blood vessels. If their functioning is disrupted, mental activity begins to decline, headaches appear, and it is difficult to remember recently received information. The vascular system is negatively affected by age, diabetes, osteochondrosis, and lack of microelements responsible for the stable functioning of blood vessels. In the latter case, properly selected vitamin complexes will provide indispensable support.

Essential organic compounds include B vitamins:

• IN 1.
  Its deficiency provokes memory impairment, depression, anxiety, and lack of coordination.
• AT 2
  . With a deficiency, drowsiness, headaches, a feeling of weakness, and “fog” in the head are observed.
• AT 3.
  Improves memory, increases concentration.
• AT 5.
  Has a beneficial effect on long-term memory and normalizes sleep.
• AT 6.
  Stimulates intellectual activity, has proven itself well as a remedy that has a positive effect on alcohol poisoning and frequent nicotine consumption.
• AT 9.
  “Accelerates” thinking.
• AT 12.
  Maintains brain activity at the proper level, helps adapt to changing situations and changes in activity.

In addition, for proper brain function, the following vitamins are required:

• A.
  A necessary component for the functioning of the vascular system.
• D.
  Responsible for preventing atherosclerosis.
• E.
  Cleanses blood vessels from toxins.
• R.
  Makes capillaries stronger, reduces the risk of hemorrhage.

Many dietary supplements are made based on natural ingredients - herbs and fruits. Common ones include:

• Dog-rose fruit.
• Ginkgo biloba.
• Rosemary.
• Sage.
• Ginseng, Eleutherococcus.
• Green tea.

Below are collected pharmaceutical products designed to improve the performance of the brain and the condition of the body as a whole.

We present the rating of vitamins for the brain and memory 2021. The best 11 products that were selected by our experts based on user reviews and ratings.

There are contraindications, be sure to consult your doctor!

Vitamins for children: features of choice

When choosing vitamins, pay attention to the composition - the beneficial substances contained in the drug should be aimed at solving specific problems:

• vitamin D is especially important during the period of active growth: for the prevention of rickets in children under one year old, the formation of teeth and skeleton in infancy and adolescence;
• B vitamins are necessary if you need to strengthen the child’s nervous system: they help get rid of fatigue, drowsiness or overexcitation, stimulate brain function and improve mood in general;
• Vitamin A is needed for good vision, improving the condition of skin and teeth, strengthening the immune system;
• Vitamin C helps prevent diseases during cold season;
• vitamin E is necessary for damage to mucous membranes, problems with digestion and respiratory organs, to strengthen the muscle corset;
• iron will help maintain normal hemoglobin levels;
• magnesium will relieve fatigue and increased anxiety;
• Zinc is needed to normalize digestion, healthy hair and nails.

Pay attention to the name of the chosen drug; they have proven themselves well in Russia:

• Alphabet;
• Doppelherz;
• Pikovit;
• Vitrum;
• Complivit;
• Solgar;
• Supradin;
• ChildLife.

Take care not only of the child’s internal condition and health, but also of his external safety. Always know where he is at the moment and has been during the day (for example, if he gets to school or section alone), quickly contact him even in silent mode and listen to what is happening around using the application for caring parents “Where are my children".

What is in the assortment of “Fitomaket Evalar”

Our store has a large selection of vitamins to improve memory and brain function. Pay attention to products from:

• "Ginkgo biloba",
• "Glycine Forte"
• vitamin complex "Ostrum"
• chocolate drink "Ostrum" for a sharp mind and good memory.

Is it possible for schoolchildren 12, 13, 14 years old to take such vitamins for brain activity if there is no age mark on the packages? Yes, and this is confirmed by methodological recommendations MP 2.3.1.2432-08 “Norms of physiological needs for energy and nutrients for various groups of the population of the Russian Federation,” approved by Rospotrebnadzor. According to this document, daily doses of the ingredients in question for children over 11 years of age are no less than doses for adults. For children, vitamins are often produced in a special form of chewable lozenges.

Goldfish for Children, 90 Chewable Tablets, Solgar

2 199 ₽

Dietary supplement NOT A MEDICINE

Effective vitamins to improve brain function for children

What ready-made vitamin complexes should I buy for children??

Multivitamins for children , specially designed to improve brain function , support clarity of thought and consciousness, help quickly recover after intense exercise, and prevent unwanted changes in brain tissue. Such drugs differ significantly from each other. They can be intended for children, pregnant women, and the elderly. Therefore, to correctly select the most suitable vitamin complex for the brain, you should first consult with a specialist.

We offer universal vitamins to improve brain function , which are suitable for all categories of people, regardless of age, gender, health status - accumulated APLGO tablets .

These are unique products based on exclusively natural ingredients - plant extracts to maintain health. They are completely safe, have no side effects and have no contraindications. They can be given to children from a very early age.

Accumulated dragee BRN is a new product from APL, specifically designed to improve the efficiency of the brain. A properly selected composition provides the nervous system with all the necessary substances to prevent symptoms of mental fatigue, memory loss, and decreased intelligence.

Children's vitamins: what are they and does your child need them?

Manufacturers offer drugs that differ according to various criteria: taste, smell, naturalness. But basically, vitamins for children differ in two ways: composition and release form.

The composition of vitamins for children is:

• containing only one component - one-component;
• with different vitamins, usually combined with each other;
• vitamin-mineral complexes - with several vitamins and minerals in the composition.

Possible forms of release:

• drops, syrups without a pronounced taste and smell - for children who still find it difficult to swallow tablets and even chew pills;
• chewing lozenges, marmalade, often in the form of toys or cartoon characters with fruit flavors - for children of senior preschool and primary school age;
• regular tablets washed down with water - for middle and high school students.

You should not take vitamins uncontrollably, especially when it comes to children's medications. Well-known pediatrician Evgeny Komarovsky says that Russian doctors are much more likely to encounter an overdose of vitamins in young patients than with their deficiency. At the same time, according to surveys among parents of children aged one year and older, about 20% of mothers and fathers give their children vitamins constantly and only 10% of parents consult a doctor before choosing medications.

In fact, it is enough for a healthy, active child to take vitamins twice a year according to the schedule specified in the instructions for a particular drug. It is advisable that the vitamins be selected by a pediatrician, but if there is no opportunity to consult a doctor, and you are confident in the good health of your child, you can independently select an option from the rating of the best vitamins for children from manufacturers that have proven their reliability.

Parents can determine whether a child needs to take vitamins by the following signs:

• the child often catches colds;
• the child gets tired quickly, suffers from poor appetite;
• There are problems with nails, teeth, hair (fragility, fragility, loss).

It would not be a bad idea to take a course of vitamin complex during periods of active growth and speech development: at 2-3 years old, at 6-7 years old, for teenagers 11 years old and older, depending on the pace of development.

Vitamin D deficiency in adults: consequences

Vitamin D deficiency in adults may be associated with a risk of developing dementia, including Alzheimer's disease. Higher serum vitamin D levels are associated with a lower risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease3.

These data update the timely detection of vitamin D deficiency, its prevention and treatment in people of different ages.

Prevention and treatment of hypovitaminosis D includes an adequate regimen of insolation, adequate intake of vitamin D from food, as well as intake of vitamin D with various nutritional supplements and vitamin-mineral complexes2.

A drug for the prevention and treatment of vitamin D deficiency conditions can be a vitamin D3 drug – DeTriFerol4.

1. Sultan S, Taimuri U, Basnan SA, Ai-Orabi WK, Awadallah A, Almowald F, Hazazi A. Low Vitamin D and Its Association with Cognitive Impairment and Dementia. J Aging Res. 2021 Apr 30;2020:6097820. doi: 10.1155/2020/6097820. PMID: 32399297; PMCID: PMC7210535.
2. National program “Vitamin D deficiency in children and adolescents of the Russian Federation: modern approaches to correction”, 2018
3. Jayedi A, Rashidy-Pour A, Shab-Bidar S. Vitamin D status and risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease: A meta-analysis of dose-response †. Nutr Neurosci. 2021 Nov;22(11):750-759. doi: 10.1080/1028415X.2018.1436639. Epub 2021 Feb 15. PMID: 29447107.
4. According to the instructions for medical use of the drug DeTriFerol.

The best vitamins for children: rating

The best vitamins are not just supplements, but drugs that will really help solve health problems and will not harm the child. This is why it is important to choose the best products from well-known manufacturers: they are more likely to be useful and safe (for example, they will not provoke an allergic reaction) than vitamins from unknown brands.

The table below shows the rating of vitamins for children of different ages:

Read more about the best vitamins for children (prices are indicative).

For babies under one year old:

Aquadetrim

Image: aquadetrim.com.

This is an aqueous solution of vitamin D3, adapted specifically for children under one year old. Designed for the prevention of rickets. Due to the fact that the drug is dissolved in a water base, Aquadetrim is instantly absorbed into the baby’s intestines, which helps to avoid colic and other digestive problems.

Advantages of the drug:

• strengthens the nervous and immune system;
• replenishes vitamin D3 deficiency.

Flaws:

• According to some parents, it is inconvenient to use the drug dispenser;
• If used incorrectly, an overdose or side effects may occur (nausea, vomiting, constipation, colic, weakness and disturbances in appetite and sleep).

Price : 200 rubles.

Multi-Tabs Baby

The vitamins are suitable for children under one year of age: they have no side effects, and thanks to their neutral taste, children take the product without any whims. They contain vitamins A and C, and D in small quantities (if you live in a region where there is little sun, you will most likely have to take additional vitamin D).

Advantages of the drug:

• strengthens the immune system;
• has a positive effect on the condition of bones, teeth and skin;
• small dosage and ease of administration (both during meals and before use);
• excellent tolerability and minimum contraindications.

Flaws:

• The bottle can only be stored in the refrigerator; after opening, the drug is good for only 2 months.

Price: 350 rubles.

Liquid Vitamin C ChildLife

American single-component vitamins with ascorbic acid are intended for children over 6 months. Vitamin C is necessary for children to strengthen the immune system and, according to parents, after taking dietary supplements, children actually get sick much less often.

Advantages of the drug:

• pleasant orange taste;
• natural composition;
• economical consumption.

Flaws:

• quite high price;
• an allergic reaction is possible.

Price: 850 rubles.

For 1-3 years:

Solgar Kangavites

A vitamin and mineral complex from the USA with a well-thought-out composition: with this remedy there will definitely be no vitamin deficiency in children. One tablet of Solgar Kangavites contains the daily requirement of vitamins and microelements necessary for a child. The drug is available in the form of chewable tablets.

Advantages of the drug:

• natural composition;
• completely satisfies the body’s need for nutrients;
• large volume - 120 tablets per package.

Flaws:

• high price;
• The child may not like the fact that the chewable tablet is chewed with little effort.

Price: 1000 rubles.

Alphabet Our Baby

One sachet of popular Russian vitamins contains up to 50% of the nutrients necessary for a child - a total of 11 vitamins and 5 minerals. The drug is one of the few of its kind - created on the principles of separate and joint intake of vitamins and minerals, due to which allergies are practically eliminated, and the beneficial substances themselves are absorbed better and faster.

Advantages of the drug:

• good composition;
• helps improve appetite;
• strengthens the immune system;
• has a beneficial effect on the nervous system and mental development of the baby;
• hypoallergenic;
• low calorie content;
• does not require swallowing.

Flaws:

• The contents of the sachet should be dissolved in water and taken three times a day.

Price: 500 rubles.

Syrup Pikovit

The syrup contains useful substances important for the child’s health: vitamin A, D3, C, B vitamins. It is especially suitable for nutritional disorders: poor appetite or an insufficiently varied diet.

Advantages of the drug:

• According to reviews, Pikovit really helps a child improve appetite and cope with increased fatigue;
• tastes good.

Flaws:

• a pleasant taste is achieved due to the dyes and flavors in the composition.

Price: 500 rubles.

For preschoolers over 3 years old:

Supradin Kids

Dragees contain a full range of nutrients for a growing, active child. The composition includes vitamins responsible for good vision, strengthening the immune system, and normal functioning of the nervous system. The complex is supplemented with iodine and zinc - important elements for the proper physical development of a preschooler.

Advantages of the drug:

• Children like the taste;
• good composition;
• quickly restores existing deficits;
• eye protection and general strengthening of the immune system;
• convenient regimen.

Flaws:

• contains quite a lot of sugar.

Price: 550 rubles.

Alphabet Kindergarten

Multi-colored chewable tablets with, as the manufacturer himself indicates, a competent combination of components. Alphabet Kindergarten contains vitamins and minerals necessary for the physical and mental development of a preschooler: A, E, C, group B, magnesium, calcium, zinc.

The process of taking vitamins is also interesting for children - each tablet has its own taste and color. Take the drug three times a day: morning, lunch and evening with food.

Advantages of the drug:

• promotes growth and physical development;
• improves memory;
• the tablets taste good;
• does not contain artificial colors or preservatives.

Flaws:

• You need to take the product three times a day, which is not always convenient.

Price: 300 rubles.

VitrumKids Plus

Designed to replenish the nutrients necessary for the child: they contain 12 vitamins and 10 minerals. The content of vitamins A and D in the preparation is especially high - they are enough to fully satisfy the child’s body’s need for these vitamins.

Chewable tablets come in the shape of funny teddy bears and, despite the not very pleasant taste, children willingly take the toy-like tablets.

Advantages of the drug:

• variety of vitamins and minerals;
• regular use has a good effect on the formation of teeth, strengthening the immune system, and the normal functioning of the nervous system;
• The tablets have an interesting shape for the child and are easy to chew;
• especially relevant during periods of intensive growth;
• does not need to be washed down with water or swallowed;
• compensates for most of the necessary substances for the child’s body;
• One pack is enough for one course.

Flaws:

• not very pleasant to the taste, contain dyes and flavors. Low content of vitamin C. If the dosage is violated, an allergic reaction is possible.

Price: 500 rubles.

For younger students:

Alphabet Schoolboy

The complex, containing 11 vitamins and 7 minerals, is designed to make it easier for students to cope with mental and emotional stress.

The drug is taken three times a day - each tablet performs its own function: some tablets replenish iron deficiency, others contribute to the full development of the student, and others strengthen bones and teeth.

Advantages of the drug:

• high efficiency due to separate administration of tablets;
• good composition.

Flaws:

• contains dyes and flavors;
• One package is not enough for a full course.

Price: 350 rubles.

Univit Kids with Omega-3 and Choline

The high content of B vitamins makes the drug an excellent assistant in adapting to new conditions. Lozenges in the shape of dolphins can improve memory and increase a child’s performance.

Advantages of the drug:

• has a good effect on the nervous system and mental development;
• attractive shape for children;
• reliable manufacturer (Germany);
• strengthening the immune system.

Flaws:

• not very pleasant taste;
• tablets are harsh:
• contraindicated in diabetes.

Price: 600 rubles.

Doppelhertz Kinder

Chewable lozenges with useful substances that schoolchildren need: 10 vitamins, zinc, choline and iodine. Designed for the full physical and intellectual development of the student.

Advantages of the drug:

• good composition;
• suitable for children with excess weight or diabetes due to the absence of artificial additives and low energy value;
• high efficiency and quick results.

Flaws:

• cannot always be found in pharmacies.

Price: 500 rubles.

For teenagers:

Complivit Active

Fruit-flavored dragees are created specifically to support health during increased mental and physical stress. It contains 12 vitamins and 10 minerals that help improve vision, normalize the functioning of the nervous system, strengthen bone tissue, and cleanse the skin.

Advantages of the drug:

• thoughtful composition;
• compensates for the deficiency of nutrients due to an unbalanced diet;
• simple form of administration and affordable price.

Flaws:

• artificial colors in the composition.

Price: 200 rubles.

Pikovit Forte

The tablets contain B vitamins, vitamins A, C, D and E. They work comprehensively: they help a teenager get rid of fatigue, stimulate mental activity, support immunity and reduce anxiety typical of adolescence.

Advantages of the drug:

• significantly improves the emotional and physical state of a senior student, even with active sports;
• take only 1 time per day.

Flaws:

• contains artificial flavors;
• takes a long time to dissolve.

Price: 380 rubles.

Multi-Tabs Junior

Chewable tablets with a variety of fruity and sweet flavors contain the most essential substances for a rapidly growing body. They help eliminate the negative consequences of poor nutrition and successfully cope with a high academic load.

Advantages of the drug:

• high efficiency;
• pleasant taste.

Flaws:

• artificial flavoring additives in the composition.

Price: 350 rubles.

What do you need to remember?

Vitamin-mineral complexes compensate for the deficiency of nutrients that are necessary for the normal functioning of the brain and nervous system. Suitable for the treatment and prevention of memory and attention disorders. Nootropic drugs have a more pronounced therapeutic effect than vitamins. They should be taken if there are serious indications, and the dosage should be strictly observed.

To avoid cognitive disorders, you need to eat right and follow a daily routine. Physical activity helps you switch from mental work. To restore the brain, you should take breaks during sedentary work for gymnastics, walks in the fresh air, and homework.

Vitamins and minerals to improve memory

The functioning of the brain, the ability to concentrate, remember, and process received information are mainly influenced by:

How do nootropics work?

Nootropics are medications that affect metabolic processes in nerve cells, improve blood supply to the central nervous system and, as a result, stimulate integrative brain activity, i.e. memory, thinking and concentration.

Medicines in this group have a wide spectrum of action and can be used both by healthy people to increase brain activity or for psycho-emotional stress, and by patients with already diagnosed diseases of the nervous system (consequences of traumatic brain injury, central nervous system damage, stroke, etc.).

Brain drugs

In case of severe disorders, in addition to vitamins for the brain and memory, adults are prescribed medications - nootropics. You should drink them not for prevention, but only if there are serious indications. They have a pronounced therapeutic effect, the positive effect is noticeable within a few days after the start of treatment.

Indications for use:

• severe hypo- and vitamin deficiency;
• age-related decline in mental performance;
• deviant behavior disorders;
• pathologies of the nervous system;

• emotional lability;
• sleep disturbance;
• vegetative-vascular dystonia.

Medicines are prescribed during rehabilitation after neuroinfections, traumatic brain injury, and brain surgery. The drugs are included in complex therapy for the treatment of various forms of encephalopathy and ischemic stroke. They help with prolonged stress and depression.

The drug Noopept

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The drug has a nootropic and neuroprotective effect. The medicine improves learning ability and memory. Price - 340-380 rubles. The main active substance is noopept. It increases the resistance of brain tissue to the effects of traumatic and negative facts, and restores damaged neurons.

Indications:

• age-related impairments of memory, attention, emotionally labile disorders;
• traumatic brain injuries;

• post-concussion syndrome;
• encephalopathy of various origins;
• asthenic disorders;
• decreased intellectual productivity.

Take 10 mg of medication twice a day, but no later than 6 pm. Course duration is 1.5-3 months. Repeated treatment is possible only after a month's break.

When taking Noopept, headaches and attacks of tachycardia disappear. The medicine does not have a negative effect on internal organs.

In people with severe forms of hypertension, the medicine may cause a sharp rise in blood pressure. Noopept should not be taken if you have serious kidney or liver diseases, lactase deficiency or lactose intolerance.

Contraindications include pregnancy and breastfeeding, childhood.

Nootropil product

Nootropic drug, neurometabolic stimulant, contains 400,800 or 1200 mg of piracetam. Available in tablets, capsules, and oral solutions. The drug has a positive effect on blood circulation and metabolic processes in the brain, protects tissue when damaged. Price - 260-280 rubles.

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Indications:

• impaired memory and concentration;
• frequent attacks of dizziness;
• dementia due to ischemic stroke;
• Alzheimer's disease;
• brain injuries;

• withdrawal and psychoorganic syndrome in chronic alcohol dependence;
• Sickle cell anemia.

Dosage - 30-160 mg/kg per day, divided into 2-4 doses. Course duration is 1.5-2 months. The main contraindications are hypersensitivity, hemorrhagic stroke, severe forms of renal failure. During treatment, dyspeptic disorders, sleep disturbances, nervousness, and tremor rarely occur. Some people experience an increase in sexual activity.

Nootropil does not have a psychostimulating or sedative effect. It is included in complex therapy for learning disabilities in children.

The closest analogue of Nootripil is Piracetam. Both drugs have identical indications and contraindications. But Piracetam is cheaper because it is produced by Russian pharmaceutical companies.

Nootropic drug Pantogam

Each tablet contains 250 or 500 mg of the active substance - hopantenic acid; in syrup the concentration is 10 g/100 ml. The nootropic drug increases the resistance of brain tissue to hypoxia and the effects of toxins, and restores neural connections. During treatment, mental and physical performance increases. Price - 400-600 rubles.

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Indications:

• cognitive disorders caused by neurotic disorders and organic brain damage;
• extrapyramidal pathological conditions;
• cerebral atherosclerosis;
• epilepsy;
• decreased physical and mental performance, excessive psycho-emotional stress;

• disturbance of the process of urination of a neurogenic nature.

The sedative effect of the drug is manifested in a decrease in motor excitability and streamlining of behavior. In this case, the drug has a moderate stimulating effect. A single dosage of the drug is 250-1000 mg, daily dosage is 1500-3000 mg. Duration of therapy is 1-4 months, sometimes six months.

The drug is safe for newborns. It is prescribed for cerebral palsy, encephalopathy, mental, physical and mental retardation, and stuttering. Contraindications: pregnancy and lactation, hypersensitivity to the components of the drug, acute and severe kidney disease. During treatment, allergic reactions, daytime drowsiness, and noise in the head rarely occur.

Phenotropil tablets

The tablets contain 100 mg of the active substance - phenotropil. The nootropic has a pronounced anti-amnesic effect, the medicine improves memory and the learning process. The drug enhances the ability to concentrate and remember new information, reduces the toxicity and hypnotic effect of some medications. The average cost is 900 rubles. for 30 tablets.

Indications:

• disruption of blood supply and metabolic processes in brain tissue;
• significant deterioration in attention and memory;

• lethargy and apathy in some types of schizophrenia;
• depressive states of varying severity;
• increased psychological and physical stress;
• alcohol addiction;
• jet lag.

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Dosage - 100-200 mg in the morning after breakfast. The duration of therapy is 15 days. During treatment, mood improves, performance increases, and the pain threshold decreases.

You need to take the medicine 6-8 hours before bedtime, otherwise insomnia may develop. Other adverse reactions are increased blood pressure, sudden hot flashes, psychomotor agitation. Contraindications: hypertension, organic damage to the liver, kidneys, ischemia, a history of panic attacks and acute psychopathic conditions.

Aminalon drug

Neurostimulating, nootropic drug. Capsules and tablets contain 250 mg of gamma-aminobutyric acid. This substance restores the metabolic process, promotes the utilization of glucose and the removal of toxins from brain tissue. Price - 150 rub.

Indications:

• recovery period after traumatic brain injury and cerebrovascular accidents;
• polyneuritis and encephalopathy caused by alcohol intoxication;
• cerebral atherosclerosis;
• cerebral palsy;
• sleep disturbances due to hypertension, frequent attacks of dizziness and headaches;

• kinetosis.

Dosage - 1-1.25 g three times a day, taken before meals. Duration of therapy is 2-16 weeks. Aminalon is a safe drug; it should not be taken only if you are intolerant to the components of the drug. Possible adverse reactions are an increase or decrease in blood pressure, dyspeptic disorders, itching and rashes, hot flashes, fever.

List of nootropics that can be considered effective

Nootropics, first of all, are medications that must be taken as prescribed. However, from a wide variety, it is possible to identify means for improving brain activity with proven effectiveness.

Piracetam ( nootropil , lucetam ) is the first synthesized drug from this group of drugs, which is still included in the list of the best drugs. It affects the central nervous system and improves metabolic processes in the brain. It has a wide range of indications, among which are:

• disturbance of activity and attention;
• learning disabilities (memory disorders);
• alcohol dependence syndrome;
• anxiety and depression.

Long-term use is required to notice the effect. A significant disadvantage of piracetam is a decrease in blood viscosity, so the drug is contraindicated in cases of blood system disorders and severe bleeding. Withdrawal syndrome may occur. Prohibited for use in case of kidney disease. Available with prescription

Noopept is a synthetic nootropic whose effect is noticeable almost immediately. The effect of the drug is to increase the resistance of brain tissue to damaging factors. Therefore, this nootropic can be considered one of the best for improving memory. Indications for use:

• improving learning ability;
• memory improvement;
• improvement of attention.

In studies comparing Noopept and Piracetam, Noopept has been shown to have fewer side effects. A particularly important point is that there is no withdrawal syndrome. The drug should not be used if there is a lactase deficiency, under 18 years of age, or with severe impairment of liver and/or kidney function.

Biotredin is a complex preparation that contains vitamin B6, an indispensable assistant for the functioning of the nervous system, and the amino acid L-threonine, a precursor of glycine. This drug is a tonic and restorative. Thanks to the included components, the drug is capable of:

• reduce psycho-emotional stress;
• improve memory;
• improve performance.

The drug has virtually no side effects, but sometimes dizziness and allergic reactions may occur when taken. Contraindicated when taken simultaneously with antidepressants and antipsychotics and while intoxicated.

Anvifen ( phenibut, noofen ) – contains aminophenylbutyric acid, a unique compound that not only improves energy processes in the brain, but also copes with anxiety and depression. Thanks to this component, the drug is indicated for:

• eliminating tension, anxiety, anxiety;
• sleep problems;
• improving performance;
• improving attention and memory.

The drug is usually well tolerated and is therefore contraindicated only in cases of hypersensitivity to the active substance. Use with caution for gastrointestinal lesions and renal failure. In case of overdose, nausea and dizziness are observed. ()

Picamilon - improves blood supply to the brain and stimulates metabolism in nervous tissue. The drug, like all nootropics, can improve thinking, attention, and memory. Also, it is able to increase the resistance of the central nervous system to irritating factors and restore mental and physical performance in case of fatigue. Able to cope with migraines and acute alcohol intoxication. Contraindicated for kidney disease. In case of overdose, dizziness and anxiety may occur.

Nootropic therapy, when carefully following the doctor’s recommendations, has a good effect on the body.