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Attention! The material contains information about substances, the use of which can cause serious harm to your health!
Some drugs are not created by drug dealers, but are used in medicine to treat various diseases. One of these is phenobarbital. Drugs based on them can be extremely addictive even with the correct dosage.
- Phenobarbital
- What is phenobarbital
- Photo of the drug: what it looks like
- Duration of action of phenobarbital
- Harm of phenobarbital
- Effect of Phenobarbital: narcotic effect
- Forms of release of the drug
- Phenobarbital tablets
- Solution
- Signs of phenobarbital use
- Physical symptoms
- Changes in behavior
- How long does phenobarbital leave the body?
- How long does it stay in the blood?
- How long does it stay in urine?
- Consequences of taking Phenobarbital: effects on the body
- Phenobarbital poisoning
- Phenobarbital during pregnancy
- Lethal dose of phenobarbital
- Phenobarbital dependence
- Drug overdose
- Withdrawal from Phenobarbital
- Treatment of Phenobarbital Addiction
- Get rid of addiction at home
- Treatment for Phenobarbital in the clinic
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Phenobarbital
Interestingly, this substance is officially recommended by WHO for the treatment of epileptic seizures. Phenobarbital is on the list of restricted drugs, but at the same time it is on the list of vital medications. For example, the common drug Corvalol, so beloved by Russian grandmothers, also contains phenobarbital.
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What is phenobarbital
This is a drug belonging to the group of barbiturates. Has a powerful effect on the nervous system. Phenobarbital was first synthesized at the beginning of the 20th century by a German chemist. It was sold in pharmacies under the name “Luminal” and was recommended as a sleeping pill and sedative.
The production of such a medicine was a real breakthrough, because now doctors had a way to calm violent, mentally ill people. Many used it uncontrollably as a sedative. However, after some time, an unpleasant fact was revealed - phenobarbital is highly addictive and has a detrimental effect on overall health.
Photo of the drug: what it looks like
Figure 1 Phenobarbital tablets
Figure 2 Chemical formula and liquid form of the drug for injection
Duration of action of phenobarbital
The hypnotic effect caused by the drug reaches its maximum within an hour after administration. In this case, sleep lasts about 8-10 hours, and it differs significantly from natural night rest. If we are talking about exceeding the dosage, the effect may occur faster, and the risk of overdose and severe intoxication of the body increases. By the way, many people mistakenly consider Phenazepam and Phenobarbital to be similar drugs. However, this is not so - they have different active ingredients and different mechanisms of action.
Harm of phenobarbital
Why is phenobarbital dangerous? First of all, it disrupts the normal functioning of the nervous system. If you take the drug regularly, instead of a sedative effect, you can get insomnia, hallucinations and mental disorders. There are several other side effects:
- Liver destruction.
- The appearance of blisters and ulcers on the skin.
- Blood clots occur and the blood becomes thicker.
- Constant dizziness.
- Loss of coordination in space.
It is not necessary to consume phenobarbital in large quantities to experience these side effects. Long-term and regular use may well cause such a reaction in the body.
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Non-narcotic synthetic drugs based on ethanolamine derivatives inhibit the brain structures responsible for wakefulness, resulting in sound sleep occurring within 30 minutes. The effectiveness of the drugs is comparable to barbiturates, while they are not addictive and do not have a toxic effect. The drugs from this medicinal group also have disadvantages. Thus, they provoke lethargy, apathy and constipation, so we do not recommend taking them for more than 5 days without a doctor’s permission.
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Doxylamine-based sleeping pills are taken 30 minutes before bedtime and provide sound sleep lasting up to 6-8 hours. The drug is taken for irregular problems with falling asleep, 1 tablet for 2-5 days and has a moderate sedative effect.
The medicine is prescribed to people from 15 to 65 years old who do not have problems with the urinary system and visual organs. In addition, its long-term use leads to tachycardia, drowsiness and urinary retention. Do not combine Donormil with tranquilizers and alcohol, as this will cause serious disturbances in the functioning of the respiratory system.
Advantages:
- Safe if instructions are followed;
- Ensures falling asleep within 30 minutes;
- Affordable price (from 100 to 350 rubles);
- Available in various packaging (10 and 30 pcs.);
- Minimum contraindications.
Flaws:
- Severe adverse reactions are possible if used incorrectly.
Donormil is recommended for eliminating short-term problems with falling asleep for healthy middle-aged people.
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An effective drug for solving occasional sleep problems in tablet form contains 15 mg of doxylamine, due to which it has an additional sedative, antihistamine and anticholinergic effect. The product is taken 1-2 tablets 30 minutes before bedtime by persons from 5 to 65 years old - but no more than 5 days in a row. Increasing the duration of use leads to problems with urination, dry mouth and weakness.
Avoid taking Reslip if you have glaucoma, problems with the prostate gland, or during lactation. But the drug underwent clinical studies in groups of pregnant women, which confirmed its complete safety for women in special situations.
Advantages:
- Available in packs of 10, 14, 28 and 30 pcs.;
- A small number of contraindications;
- Allowed for pregnant women;
- Calming effect;
- Affordable price (from 120 to 300 rubles).
Flaws:
- Not suitable for long-term use.
Reslip is a safe sleeping pill that is suitable for occasional use even during pregnancy.
Forms of release of the drug
Phenobarbital is available in several forms for ease of use. For example, injections work much faster than tablets.
Phenobarbital tablets
The tablets are sold strictly according to your prescription. However, there are always ways to buy them illegally. The medicine requires an individual dosage, which is calculated only by a doctor. It has many contraindications, for example, pathologies of the heart, liver and kidneys, pregnancy and breastfeeding, etc.
Solution
Used for intravenous and intramuscular administration. Maximum concentration in blood plasma is achieved after 1-2 hours.
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Mild sleeping pills
These are the safest medicines, since they are based on herbal ingredients. They affect not only sleep, but also the state of the nervous system. Such drugs include:
- Persen;
- Novo-Passit;
- Passidorm;
- Hypnosed.
They contain: hawthorn, St. John's wort, hops, lemon balm, valerian, elderberry and other beneficial herbs. They quickly relax the nervous system and promote rapid sleep without further night awakenings. The drugs calm, relieve anxiety and normalize the general emotional background. Drink them in courses, according to the recommendations in the instructions. They do not have any side effects. In rare cases, drowsiness and a slight decrease in concentration may only occur.
Signs of phenobarbital use
What signs can be used to determine that a person is using phenobarbital? Of course, this is a whole complex of changes in appearance and behavior.
Physical symptoms
If you abuse the substance, you may notice a sharp deterioration in your skin condition. This is the appearance of pimples, ulcers, and a gray tint to the skin. A wandering or glassy gaze completes the picture.
Changes in behavior
A drug addict can be practically in a trance state, and within a couple of minutes he can laugh or shout at his family. Sudden mood swings are one of the most obvious signs of drug use. In addition, the person becomes apathetic, sleepy, and his coordination of movements is impaired.
How long does phenobarbital leave the body?
It is worth noting that Phenobarbital itself is eliminated from the body quite slowly. At the same time, it remains in the urine for the longest time.
How long does it stay in the blood?
The half-life of the substance in blood plasma is about 79 hours. Complete exit will take at least 5-7 days. If we are talking about regular use, then these numbers increase.
How long does it stay in urine?
The exact time that phenobarbital remains in the urine is impossible to predict. It all depends on the functioning of the kidneys and the general condition of the body. The average period for single use is from 2 to 5 days. If we are talking about regular use, then the duration of stay in urine can reach 45 days.
Causes of insomnia
Before you start taking medications to combat insomnia, you should find out the cause of this condition. Here are the main ones:
- stress,
- experiences,
- anxiety states,
- sleep apnea – breathing stops during night rest,
- bad habits
- overwork,
- mental and physical stress,
- long-term use of drugs,
- drinking caffeinated drinks before bed,
- existing diseases - bronchial asthma, thyroid problems, oncology, kidney and liver diseases, pathologies of the digestive tract.
In addition, changing time zones and moving can be a source of sleep difficulties.
Consequences of taking Phenobarbital: effects on the body
The use of phenobarbital negatively affects all organs, from the brain to the kidneys. At the same time, due to the high degree of accumulation, the risk of poisoning or overdose increases many times over.
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Phenobarbital poisoning
Phenobarbital poisoning has standard signs of intoxication:
- Nausea and vomiting.
- Diarrhea.
- Sudden pressure surges.
- Temperature increase.
- Pallor of the skin.
- Confusion or loss of consciousness.
The toxic dose is approximately 1-2 grams.
Phenobarbital during pregnancy
The medicine is prescribed during pregnancy only in extreme cases, after the 1st trimester. The drug can cause the development of dependence in the fetus, disruption of the formation of internal organs, the occurrence of epilepsy and other developmental pathologies. Drug addicts who use phenobarbital and other narcotic substances very often give birth to children with deformities, for example, absence of limbs, underdevelopment of organs, etc.
Lethal dose of phenobarbital
The lethal dose ranges from 2 to 10 grams. The exact figure depends on the general condition of the body. In this case, minutes count; it is necessary to use an antidote that will weaken the effect of phenobarbital.
Phenobarbital dependence
Dependence develops gradually, with regular use of the drug. As for drug addicts, they most often use the substance as an addition to other drugs and alcohol in order to enhance the effect.
Sometimes phenobarbital is used to hold out until the next dose and ease withdrawal symptoms a little. By itself, this medicine does not cause any euphoria. You can buy the medicine only with a prescription, but pharmacies always have products containing phenobarbital.
Drug overdose
An overdose may well be fatal if a lethal dose has been taken. Nausea, vomiting, difficulty breathing, loss of consciousness - with these signs you need to call an ambulance. If you know that a loved one uses drugs, you need to call a drug addiction specialist.
Withdrawal from Phenobarbital
Withdrawal from phenobarbital cannot be compared with withdrawal symptoms, for example, from heroin. However, drug withdrawal syndrome causes mood swings, insomnia, and excessive anxiety. In severe cases, hallucinations are possible.
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